Indexed OCR Text

646
Surah Al-Nisa'
4 :172-173
The Ideal Solution
The Shari'ah of Islam has wisely shielded Muslims from falling into
the trap of excess. The middle course in between the two extremes it
has suggested is: Learn the Book of Allah (Kitabullah) from the Men of
Allah (Rijalullah) and recognize the Men of Allah from the Book of
Allah. In other words, one should first recognize those who are
engaged in learning and communicating the true knowledge of the
Qur'an and Sunnah through the all too well-known teachings of these
twin sources of Islamic Faith. Once this is settled, no intricate problem
relating to Qur'an and Sunnah will ever bother you - if you give prece-
dence to their explanation above your own opinion, and follow them.
Verses 172 - 173
لَنْ تَسْتَنْكِفَ المُسِيْعُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَبْدًا لِلْهِ وَلاَ الْمُلَّتِكَةُ
الْمُقْرَّبون، وَمَنْ تَسْتَنُكِفُ عَنْ عِبَادَتِهِ وَيَسْتَكُبِرٍ فَسَيَحُشُهُمُ
إِلَيْهِ جَمِيْعًا﴿١٧٢﴾ قَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصُّلِحُتِ
فَيُوَفِّيُهِمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيْدُهُمْ قِنٌ فَضْلِمٍ، وَأَمَّا الَّذِيْنَ اسْتَنْكَفُوْا
وَاسْتَكُبَرُوا فَيُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيُمًا * وَلَ يَجِدُونَ لَهُمْ مِّنُ دُوْنِ
اللّهِ وَلِيَّا وَلَا نَصِيْرًا ﴿١٧٣﴾
The Masih (Jesus) shall never spurn being a slave of
Allah, nor shall the angels, the close ones. And whoever
spurns His worship and shows arrogance -- then, He
shall gather all of them before Himself. [172] As for
those who believe and do good deeds, He shall give
them their reward in full, and give them more out of
His grace. But, to those who spurn and show arro-
gance, He shall give a painful punishment, and they
shall find for themselves not a friend other than Allah
nor a helper. [173]
From the affirmation of Allah's absolute purity and the refutation
of assumed Godhood of Sayyidna 'Isa >_ __ earlier, the text now
moves to further strengthen the argument by showing that Sayyidna
'Isa WI ute would himself confess to being a servant of Allah and so
will the angels (which includes Sayyidna Jibra'il WILL alleged to be a
person of Trinity). Then, follows the warning for those who choose to

647
Surah Al-Nisa' 4 : 174-175
retract in distaste and the good news for those who believe and are
good in deeds for they will be rewarded for their belief and deeds with
many more added graces from Allah.
Commentary
The Honour of being a servant of Allah
Maulana Shabbir Ahmad 'Usmani, in his comments on the opening
statement of Verse 172 :ِلَنْ يَسْتَنْكِفَ الْمُسَبِمُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَبْدًا لِلّه (The Masih shall never
spurn being a slave of Allah, nor shall the angels, the close ones), says
that so it is because being a servant of Allah, being devoted to His
worship and being obedient to His will and command, is an honour by
itself and certainly a nobility of the highest class. Sayyidna Masih Le
>JI and the close angels are the best testifiers to the worth and value
of this blessing. How could they spurn an honour like that? Quite
contrary to this, the worst disgrace and dishonour there can be
imagined lies in worshipping someone other than Allah. This is what
the Christians did when they took Sayyidna Masih , WILJe as the son
of Allah and the object of their worship. Similar was the case with
disbelievers who took angels as daughters of Allah and started
worshipping them alongwith their idols. So, for them, there is punish-
ment, and disgrace. (Notes in Tafsir Usmani)
Verses 174 - 175
◌ِآَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْجَاءَكُمْ بُرْهَانٌّ ◌ِنُ رَّبِّكُمْ وَاَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمُ نُورًا
◌ُبِيْنَا﴿١٧٤﴾ قَآَمَّا الَّذِيْنَ امَنُوا بِاللّهِ وَاعْتَصَهُوا بِهِ
فَسَبُدُخِلُهُمْ فِىٌ رَحْمَةٍ مِنْهُ وَفَضْلٍ ٧ ◌َوَبَهُدِيُهِمْ إِلَيْهِ صِرَاطًا
مُسْتَقِيْمًا ﴿١٧٥)
O men, a proof has come to you from your Lord and We
have sent down to you a vivid light. [174] Now those who
believe in Allah and hold on to Him - He shall admit
them into Mercy from Him, and Grace, and shall lead
them to Himself through a straight path. [175]
After a refutation of beliefs held by Christians, specially those
which ascribe Godhood to Jesus, alongwith the promise of reward for
those who acknowledge the truth and punishment for those who insist
on denying, the text turns to a universal address praising the blessed
status and mission of His Messenger who taught what was the truth

648
Surah Al-Nisa'
4:176
revealed to him, who conveyed the truth of the Qur'an admirably, and
also those who believed in and testified to the truth of the Book and
the Messenger.
What is Burhan?
The word, Burhan, appearing in verse 174:plus (a proof
has come to you from your Lord) lexically means 'proof" It refers to the
Holy Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم . (Ruh al-Ma'ani)
Sayyidna Ibn 'Abbas e Al », says that the Holy Prophet _ was
referred to as 'Burhan' in consideration of his blessed person, his noble
morals, his miracles and his being the very recipient of the revelation
of the Book of Allah. All these are open proofs of his prophethood
beyond which there remains no need for any other proof. Thus, in
summation, his person is, in itself, proof personified.
As for the word, Nur in: des wyujj Gel, (and We have sent down to
you a vivid light) (174), it refers to the Holy Qur'an (Ruh al-Ma'ani) which
also seems to be the case in Verse 15 of Surah al-Ma'idah (5): ..
25% (There has come to you from Allah a light and clear Book).
In the explanatory translation of Maulana Ashraf 'All Thanavi in
Bayan al-Qur'an, the rendering of this verse appears as: 'There has
come to you from Allah a light and (which is) a clear Book (that is) the
Qur'an.' In this verse, what has been first identified as 'Nur' (light) has
later been called 'kitabum-mubin' (clear Book). Let there be no doubt at
this point that the conjunction demands dissimilarity, therefore, Nur
(light) and Kitab (book) cannot be one and the same thing. The answer
is that dissimilarity in expression is sufficient, even though the mean-
ings are the same. (Ruh al-Ma'ani)
And if 'Nur' (light) is taken as referring to the Holy Prophet of and
'Kitab' (the Book) to the Holy Qur'an - that will also be correct (Ruh al-
Ma'ani). But, this does not go on to prove that the Holy Prophet was
Nur or light in the literal sense, therefore, it is not against his being
physically human.
Verse 176
يَسْتَفْتُوُنَكَ، قُلِ اللّهُ بُمُتِبْكُمْ فِى الْكَلْلَةِ إِنِ امْثُرُوا هَلَكَ
لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدْ وَّلَةَ أُخُتُّ فَلَهَا نِصُفُ مَاتَرَكَ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَا إِنٌ
لَّمْ يَكُنُ لَّهَا وَلَدْ فَإِنٌ كَانَتَا اخْتَيِنِ فَلَهُمَا التَّلُثَنِ بِمَا تَرَكَ،
وَإِنُ كَانُوا إِخْوَةٌ رِجَالاً وَنِسَاءٌ فَلِلَذَكَّرِ مِثُلُ حَظِ الْأُنْقَيَيْنِ،

649
Surah Al-Nisa'
4:176
يُبَيِّنُ اللّهُ لَكُمْ آَنْ تَضِلُّوَاءُ وَاللّهُ بِكُلِّ شَوْءُ عَلِيْمَ ﴿١٧٦)
They seek a ruling from you. Say, "Allah gives you 'the
ruling concerning Kalalah.1 If a person dies having no
son, but he does have a sister, then, she gets one half of
what he leaves. And he will inherit her if she has no
child. And if they are two (sisters), they get two third of
what he leaves. And if they are brothers and sisters,
both male and female, then, the male gets a share equal
to that of two females." Allah explains to you lest you
should go astray. And Allah is fully aware of every-
thing. [176]
A little after the beginning of Surah al-Nisa', there appeared some
injunctions relating to inheritance. Then, after a considerable gap, the
text returned to the injunction of inheritance alongwith others. Now,
at the end of the Surah, the text reverts to the subject once again.
Perhaps the wisdom behind this scattering of the subject at three
different places could be the consideration of prevailing injustice in
matters of inheritance before the advent of Islam. By taking it up in
the beginning, then in the middle, and finally in the end, it was hoped
that the addressees would be gradually alerted to the need of justice
in thisarea and would thus be enabled to show their maximum concern.
Summary of the Rulings given2
The verse (176) was revealed in answer to the question posed by
some Companions of the Holy Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم regarding the
inheritence of a Kalalah. Kalalah means a person who dies leaving
neither children nor parents. The verse has clarified that the property
left by a Kalalah shall be distributed in the following manner:
(1) If the Kalalah has left one real sister, or one half sister from
father's side,3 then, after settling the preferential rights (such as debts,
wills, burial expenses) she will get one half of the property. The other
1 Kalalah: A person who has no ascendent or descendent at the time of his
death.
2. This summary is based on the two given in the original, without
translating it word-by-word. (Muhammad Taqi Usmani)
3. As for a half sister from mother's side, her share has already been
mentioned in 4:12 as being one sixth if she is alone. And if there are two
or more such sisters or brothers, they will share one third of the property
equally. (Muhammad Taqi Usmani)

650
Surah Al-Nisa'
4:176
half will be given to the heirs falling in the category of 'Asbat. If no heir
from the category of 'Asbat is alive, then this half, too, will be given
back to the sister of the deceased (meaning thereby that she will
secure the whole property).
(2) If the sister referred to in para (1) above dies, and leaves no
children, and her brother is alive, then he will get the whole property
left by her.
(3) If a Kalalah, male or female, dies and leaves two or more
sisters, either real sisters or half-sisters from father's side then they
shall get two thirds of the property left by the Kalalah.' The remaining
one third will be given to 'Asbat, if any, and in the absence of 'Asbat this
one third will also be given to the sisters who will distribute their
share among themselves equally.
(4) If a Kalalah leaves behind a combination of brothers and sisters
(either real or from father's side only), then the whole property, after
satisfying the preferential rights, shall be distributed between them on
the principle that every brother will get twice the share of every sister.
Important Notes
1. The cause of revelation and the injunction of Kalalah described
in the verse beginning with : ◌ِيَسْتَفْهُوْنَكَ قُلِ اللّهُ يُغْتِيْكُمْ فِى الْكَلْلَة (They seek a
ruling from you. Say, "Allah gives you the ruling concerning kalalah")
provides us with information on certain important aspects. To be noted
first is a comparison between two examples given earlier in the text.
In verse 170:ِوَإِنُ تَكْفُوا فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَافِى السَُّوتِ وَمَا فِى الْأَرْض (And if you disbelieve, then,
to Allah belongs what is in the heavens and the earth), there was the
condition of disbelievers. Then came a similar statement in Verse 174:
Now those who believe in Allah and hold on to ) فَمَّا الَّذِيْنَ امَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَاعْتَصَصُوا بِه الخ
Him) which presented the model of the noble Companions of the Holy
Prophet . These two parallel but divergent states of the believers
and the disbelievers were brought into focus so that people can fully
understand how astray and evil were those who turned away from the
revelation (wahy) and how true and virtuous were those who followed
it.
2. Subsequent to observations made above, it also becomes obvious
3

651
Surah Al-Nisa' 4 : 176
that the People of the Book did something terrible when they made the
abomination of suggesting a partner and son in the purest conceivable
divinity of Almighty Allah an article of their faith. They also went as
far as taking a blatant position against the Divine revelation.
Quite contrary to this is the life style of the nobel Companions of
the Messenger of Allah, may the blessing of Allah and peace be upon
him. Not to say much about their consistent concern for the fundamen-
tals of Faith and the most devoted performance of acts of worship, they
would be equally inquisitive and eager to find out their obligations in
matters subsidiary and commonplace such as those of inheritance and
marriage. They would wait for Wahy, the command of Allah through
revelation and they would look for guidance from the Holy Prophet y
in everything they did. Though, it is easier to do your own bidding
under the dictate of reason or desire, yet they did not elect to be ruled
by their personal desire or reason. If they did not understand some-
thing at a given time, they would return to the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم to
recheck until they were satisfied. Here are two sets of people, so
different and so apart!
3. This also tells us that our noble Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم would not
give a decision on his own without the guiding command of Wahy
(revelation). If there was no standing guidance revealed through Wahy
present in a certain case, he would put his decision on hold and wait
for the coming of Wahy. When it did, he gave his verdict. In addition to
that, there is a subtle hint here in the direction of the wisdom behind
the gradual revelation of the Qur'an. If the whole Book was revealed
all at one fixed time as demanded by the People of the Book, it would
have not carried the same benefits as there are in the fact that the
Qur'an was revealed as needed and when appropriate, all functionally
spaced out. This modality accommodated the requirements of
addressees who could ask a question out of some necessity and be
answered through the recited revelation (al-Wahy al-Matluww). An
example of this methodology appears right here in the present verse
while others appear at several other occasions in the Qur'an. No doubt,
this form is far beneficial, but the core of its distinction lies elsewhere.
That is because of the most refined sublimity of men and women of
faith who turn to Allah in remembrance and are honoured by being

652
Surah Al-Nisa'
4:176
addressed by their most exalted Creator. This is indeed a great honour
never granted to any other community. Certainly no grace is greater
than the grace granted by Allah, the ultimate dispenser. Now, any
verse of the Qur'an which was revealed in the favour of or in answer to
the question of a particular Companion is treasured as a testament of
his virtues. And a Wahy which came favouring the position taken by
one of them on the occasion of some matter causing difference of
opinion, is sufficient to keep the name and merit of that Companion
alive right upto the Day of Doom.
Thus, by referring to the question and answer regarding Kalalah,
hint has been given towards similar questions and answers elsewhere.
(Exegetical notes, Tafsir 'Usmani
by Maulana Shabbir Ahmad 'Usmani)
Praised be Allah. Surah al-Nisa' ends here
وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ أَوَّلَهُ وَاخِرَهُ
MAARIFUL-QUR'AN
The End of Volume Two

Index -- 655
A
'Abd al-Barr 153
('Allama) 'Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghud-
dah 85, 627
'Abdullah b. 'Abbas 78, 104, 116, 132,
156, 157, 190, 210, 235, 236, 248, 270,
358, 360, 361, 406, 408, 445, 445, 459,
461, 466, 468, 475, 502, 505, 518, 537,
538, 546, 547, 627, 634, 642, 648.
‘Abdullah b. 'Amr al-'Aş 118
'Abdullah b. Hamid 536
'Abdullah b. Jubayr 172, 173
'Abdullah b. Mas'ud 132, 135, 400, 443,
459, 460, 492.
‘Abdullah b. Salam 160, 629.
‘Abdullah b. Ubayy 172, 178.
‘Abdullah b. 'Umar 112, 118, 228, 279,
496.
‘Abdullah b. Zubayr 119, 126, 361.
‘Abdurrahman b. 'Awf 446
Abu al-'Aliyah 190, 455.
Abu 'Ali al-Daqqaq 256, 257.
Abu Ayyub al-Anşarī 43, 59.
Abu Bakr 231, 237, 267, 361, 491, 492,
493, 578.
Abu Bakr al-Fuwarrak 256, 257.
Abu Bakr al-Jaşşaş 230, 519, 610, 640.
Abu al-Baqa' 78.
Abu al-Darda' 460.
Abu Dharr al-Ghifari 410.
Abu Dujanah 175.
(Imam) Abu Hanifah 98, 200, 549, 589.
Abu Hayyan, author of al-bahr al-
muhiț 235, 399
Abu Hurairah 41, 230, 242, 336, 360,
362, 439, 440, 459, 465, 469, 578, 625,
626, 627.
Abu Jahl 461
Abu Jandal b. Sahl 502.
Abu Khuzaimah 50
Abu Lahab 461
Abu Mu'adh 518
Abu Said al Khudrī 401, 439, 465, 494.
Abu Sufyan 174, 455, 522.
Abu Salamah 287
Abu Talhah 111, 112
Abu Talib 466
Abu Umamah 156
Acceptability (in the sight of Allah)
the criterion of - 579, 580, 581, 582,
583.
Adam (the birth of) 62, 80, 82, 90, 105,
৳ 117, 118, 596.
'Ad (peoples of) 79
Adultery, see zina
'Ahd (pledge, covenant)
the meaning of - 99
Ahkam (injunctions)
- are clear 396
- accomodate human weakness 398
deviation in - engineered by self-
promoters 397
Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah
(Muslims who adhere to the prac-
tice of the Holy Prophet and his
Companions) 30, 221.
Al-Aḥzab
Qur'anic name for Batlle of Khandaq
51, see Khandaq
'A'ishah 30, 119, 271, 407, 459, 493, 579,
591.
Akbar Allahabadī 280
Akhirah (Hereafter)
exhortation to beleive in Allah and -
442
prophets will bear witness in - 444,
445.
(also see life-to-come)
'Ali 91, 92, 104, 190, 229, 232, 361, 445,
446, 467, 468, 486, 499.
‘Ali (Zainul 'abidin) b. Sayyidna Hu-
sain 198, 199.
Alif Lam Mim 24
Alternation (of day and night), see Ikhti-
laf
(al) A'mash 43
Amir (head of Islamic state)
criteria of the selection of - 237
‘Amr ibn al-'Aş 151
Amr (matter) 227
Amr bi al-Ma'ruf,
see Bidding the Fair
Anal intercourse
the prohibition of - with women 361,
362.
the prohibition of - with men, see homo-
sexuality.
Analogical deduction, see Qiyas.

Index -- 656
Anas b. Malik 66, 175, 190, 401, 496
Anas ibn al-Nadir 175
Angels
the purpose of sending - at Badr 181
forms of support given by - 182
number of - 183
help of - subject to two conditions 183
Anti-Christ, see Dajjal
Anwar Shah Kashmiri 68, 627
Apostate (murtadd)
- is forgiven after sincere repentance
605
(al) -'Aqilah (those responsible for pay-
ing blood money) 543
'Arsh (the Throne) 248, 401, 465, 499.
'Aşbat' (agnatic heir, or residuary)
355, 650
(also see Inheritance)
'Aşhabu 'l-Furud' (holders of obligatory
shares in inheritance as determined
in the Qur'an) 355
(also see Inheritance)
Arch (Mihrab) 67
'Al-arham' (near relations)
the meaning of - 294
other connotations of - 294
warnings against ill-treatment of - 294,
295
(also see Inheritance)
Ascension (of Jesus) 76, 85
'Ața' b. Abi Rabah 156, 271
Attab b. Asid 503
Authority, those in (ulu'l-amr)
meaning of - 475
application of - 475
the correct sense of - 519, 520
Authority of the Holy Prophet
-- is for all times 487
after him, his Shari'ah is the - 487, 488
towards implementation of the - 488,
489
reason for obedience to Allah and the -
490
following the - touchstone of Faith 491
Awqaf (endowments) 243
(also see property)
Aws (tribe of) 291, 141, 164, 177.
Aws b. Thabit 328
'Āyat
the meanings of - 273
‘Aynı, Badruddin 539
Ayyub (Job) 630
B
Backbiting, see ghibah
Badr:
the location of - 179
the dates of - 179
the importance of - 179
defence through Sabr and Taqwa at -
176, 180, 181, 221, 231, 522.
Badr, the battle of
- lesson for the discerning 53
Badr 'Alam, Maulana 85
Bai' (sale), see property (400, 402, 403,
404)
(al) Baihaqi 50, 118, 198, 228, 235, 441.
Bakkah (Makkah) 121
Bani Harithah (of the tribe, Aws)
- one of 'two groups' in 3:122 177, 178.
Bal'am b. Ba'ur 256
Banu Nadir 156
Banu Qurayzah 156
Banu Salamah (of the tribe of Khaz-
raj) 178, 179.
Banu Sulaym, the tribe of 546
Banu Ubayriq, the clan of 563, 564,
565, 566, 567
Barrah (Zaynab) 453, 454
Barzakh 47, 247, 625
Bishr al-Hafi, famous Sufi 279
Bashir, see Banu Ubayriq 563, 564,
565
Bayt al-Mal (state treasury) 243, 544
Baytullah (the House of Allah),
see Ka'bah
Baytul-Maqdis 64, 106
(al) Bazzar 547
Bid the Fair, see al-Ma'ruf
Bid'ah (alterations in established re-
ligion) 581, 609, 643
Bidding the Fair
a definition of - 571
the scope of - 572
Bilal al-Habashi 271
Birr, see righteousness
Bishr, the hypocrite 481, 482, 483, 490,
491.

Index -- 657
'Bitanah' (insider)
lexical explanation of - 165
Muslim policy on appointment of - 165,
166, 167, 168, 169
Blessings
-- of dunya 508
-- of Akhirah 508
a comparative view of the two - 508
-- come only by the grace of Allah 510,
511
Blood money, see diyah
Breach of trust
-- is a sign of hypocricy 469
'Bright faces'
the meaning of - 155
who are people with - 156
Bukhl, see miserliness
Burhan (proof)
-- refers to the Holy Prophet 648
Byzantine 50, 51, 52, 150
C
Calamities ·
-- are the result of misdeeds 511, 512
Ceaser 233, 234
Charity
good - in the way of Allah blossoms 113
moderation in - 113
sincerity in - 113, 114
-- is road to righteousness 114
-- of the poor through acts of worship
and recitation of Qur'an 114
in - prefer others over yourself 114
Allah watches all - 115
(also see infaq fi sabilillah, spending in
the way of Allah and righteousness)
Christians 27, 28, 29, 48, 51, 55, 80, 82,
83, 84, 101, 150, 577, 579, 618, 623,
625, 631, 635, 638, 639, 640, 641, 643,
647.
Consultation (Shura)
explanation of - 227
Islamic legal view of - 228
- in the light of Hadith 228
no - in clear injunctions of Shari'ah 229
- from the wise and pious 230
- from a faqih in Islamic legal matters
230,231, 232
The Prophet's - with his Companions
230
The status of - in an Islamic state 232,
33, 34, 235, 236
Decision-making after difference of
opinion in - 236, 237
Take decision after - then, place trust
in none and nothing but Allah 238
Cord (habl) 130
Covenant
- with Allah 103, 104
the purpose of - 104
the place of - 104 -
- to support the Last among Prophets
108
(also see pledge)
Coveting
- what cannot be acquired by effort 410,
411, 412, 413
striving to excel in good deeds is not -
413, 414, 415
instead of - ask for Allah's grace 415
trusting His wisdom and knowledge is
better than - 416
Creation, see khalq
Curse (la'nah), see la'nah (curse)
Cyrus 233, 234
D
Daņģak 190, 518, 538, 609, 623
Dajjal 86, 87
Dar al-Islam 533, 554
(al) Daranī, Abu Sulayman 278
Dar al-Kufr 553, 555
'Dark faces'
the meaning of - 155
who are people with - 156, 157
Darquțni 542
Da'wah (preaching Islam)
the etiquette of - 225
in - the approach is soft, not rough 226
ill-treatments 226
a - worker is compassionate and lenient
226
a man of - seeks forgiveness for his au-
dience 226
like the Holy Prophet , the - worker
sits in consultation with his address-
ees 149, 150, 226
Dawud (David) 630
Dayyuth (wittol) 410
Death
- and life-to-come 261, 266, 267
(also see: worldly enjoyments)

Index -- 658
there is no escape from - 508, 509, 510
(also see Jihad)
Deconfiguration (tams) 451
Deliberation (tadabbur)
the sense of - in the Qur'an 514, 515
conditions of - in the Qur'an 515
- by a mujtahid 515
- by a non-mujtahid 516, 517
Deviation
· from Divine injunctions is dangerous
for Muslims 397
(also see Ahkam)
Dhawil-Arham (maternal kinsmen)
355
Dhikr (Remembrance of Allah) 236,
237, 276, 278
Dhimmi (non-Muslim citizen of an Is-
lamic State) 58, 166, 541, 542, 543, 544
Din 43, 44, 45, 46, 47
- and Islam, see din
Disbelief (kufr)
accomodating - is disbelief 612
Disbeliever (kafir)
- is forgiven after sincere repentance
605
Disbelievers
forms of socialization with - 611, 612
associating with - busy hurting Islam
makes one like them 612
- are not to be taken as 'friends' 613
relations with - 54, 55, 56
degrees of relations with - 56, 57, 58,
59,60
the Prophet of Islam was merciful to -
58
the Qur'anic rationale on friendship
with - 59, 60
Allah does not love - 61
Disciples
see hawariyy 74, 75
Divisiveness
censure on - 150
Diyah (blood money) 543, 544
Dower, see mahr
E
Eloquence
- of Qur'anic injunctions 522, 523
Emigration, see Hijrah
Envy (hasad)
- a peculiar Jewish trait 462
Qur'an admonishes their - 462
reasons why enemies - Muslims 97
aim of - is to bring downfall of Islam
and its followers 97
what enemies do not know about their -
97
the definition of - 462
rules about - as in Hadith 463
- is Haram (forbidden) 463
Excess (Ghuluww)
- in Faith is prohibited 635, 640, 641,
642
6
- as of Christians 640
- as of Jews 640
Muslims must avoid - by observing lim-
its set by the Holy Prophet 642
way out from extremes of - 646
F
Fada'il (merits)
electable - 191
non-electable - 191
Faqr (living with less)
the - of the Holy Prophet : 557
the - of the Companions 557
Fard al-‘Ayn (absolute obligation)
meaning and application of - 507, 551
(To compare see Fard al-Kifayah i.e. ob-
ligation of sufficiency)
Fard al-Kifayah (obligation of sufficien-
cy)
the meaning of - 507
the definition of - 551, 552
- as related to Jihad 507, 552
(also see Jihad)
(compare with Fard al-'Ayn)
Fatimah 69, 90
Fatwa 119
Favourite servant of Allah
a profile of the - 479
Fear of Allah
what does it mean? 256
(also see Taqwa)
Fisq (sinfulness) 612
Forbid the Unfair, see al-Munkar
Forbidding the Unfair
a definition of - 571
the scope of - 572
policy of - before a sinful gathering 610,
611
Forgiveness (maghfirah)

Index -- 659
good deeds means to - 190
- leads to Paradise 190
- of sins promised on Hijrah and Shaha-
dah 283
- of sins not promised on debts and un-
fulfilled rights of people 283
Fornication, see Zina
Fudayl b. 'Ayad, famous Sufi 407
(al) Furqan 23
G
Gambling (Qimar) 70
(al) Ghazalī 636
Ghibah (backbiting) 616
Ghulul (Misappropriation in spoils)
- is a major sin 241
- is unthinkable for a prophet 241, 242
- brings punishment in Qiyamah 241,
242
- deprives offender from the interces-
sion of the Holy Prophet & 243
includes khiyanah, breach of trust,
stealing 241, 242
misappropriation in Waqf (endow-
ments) or state treasury comes under
- 243
God-fearing Muslims
- live as models for others 194
distinct marks of - 194, 195
- poor or rich, spend in the way of Allah
196
- serve others, harm none - 196
- spend time, labour besides wealth 197
- are Men of Allah who remember Him
under all conditions 197
- control anger, forgo and forgive 198,
199
- repel evil with good, hatred with grace
199, 200
· - fulfill all rights of Allah as due 201
Guidance
- is from Allah 31, 32, 97
- is not for worldly gains 31, 32
- is for salvation 31, 32
- is for steadfastness in faith 97
H
'Hablullah' (the cord of Allah) 137
Hadd (punishment) 356, 357, 359
(al) Hadath al-Asghar (minor impurity)
editorial note on - 447, 448
Hafiz Zaki al-Din 361
Hajj
means for - 127
ability to perform - 127
women make - with Mahram - 127
obligatory rites of - 127, 128
(also see Ka'bah)
Hajjaj b. Yusuf 119, 126
»Hakim, the muhaddith 237, 456
Hamra' al-Asad
post-Uhud encounter of - 214.
location of - 249
the background of - 249, 250
Jihad spirit at - 251
Virtues of Ihsan and Taqwa at - 251
Lesson of - :
(1) Pleasure of Allah is the goal 251
(2) The command of the Rasul of Allah
is the command of Allah 252
Blessings for mujahidin at - 25, 256
Hamzah 172
Harithah 499
Harun (Aaron) 630
Hasad, see envy
Hasan 91
Hasan b. 'Amir 278
Hasan b. 'Ali 519
Hasan al-Başri 66, 104, 132, 210, 467,
475, 556, 611
Hațib b. Abi Balta'ah 220
Hawariyy 74, 75
Hereafter, see life-to-come
Hijrah (emigration)
forms and rules of - 339, 340
the definition of - 553, 554
the merits of - 554, 555
the blessing of - 555, 556, 557, 558
transitory hardships in early period of -
557
generosity in later period of - 557
(Al) Hikmah (Wisdom) 570
Hindah (wife of Abu Sufyan) 174
Hisham b. 'Abdul-Malik 361
Homosexuality
strict prohibition of - 359, 360
Hadith censures - 360, 361
hard stance of pious Caliphs against -
361
punishment of - 362
Besides -, Hadith warnings against the
unnatural act with women 361, 362
Honour

Index -- 660
seek - from Allah alone 60, 607, 608,
609
House of Ibrahim 62
House of 'Imran 62, 64
House of Pharaoh 32
Hudaybiyyah 231
Human rights, see rights
Hunayn
the battle of - 176
Huququl-'Ibad (the rights of the ser-
vants of Allah) 195, 283, 576
Huququllah (the rights of Allah) 576
Husain b. 'Ali 91
Huyayy b. Akhtab, Jewish chief 455
Hypocrites
- are exposed through their conduct
259,501
I
Ibn Abi Hatim 118, 167, 508
Ibn 'Abidin 461
Ibn Abi Laila 519
Ibn Abi Shaybah 537
Ibn 'Adi 235
Ibn 'Asakir 271
Ibn Hajar al-Makki 85, 408
Ibn Hibban 271
Ibn Hisham, historian of Muslim bat-
tles 178
Ibn Jarir 494, 508, 584
Ibn Ishaq 129
Ibn Jubayr 455
Ibn Kathir, commentator 85, 508, 518,
611, 627
Ibn al-Mundhir 584
Ibn Taimiyyah 78
Ibn Wahb 491
عليه السلام Ibrahim
migration of - 79, 556
- was not a Jew or Christian 94
pledge taken from - 104
- the builder of Ka'bah 120
stone with footprints of - 124
- a man of truth, and prophet 497
- the upright 577, 582
- the friend of Allah 577, 582
Allah revealed to - 630
Idțirar (compulsion, emergency) 612
Ifk, the incident of
(false imputation against Sayyidah
'A'ishah) 231, 232
Ihsan
the definition of - 252
(also see details under Hamra' al-Asad)
Ijarah (leasing, service, labour),
see property 401, 404
Ijma‘ (consensus of Ummah)
- is a valid religious authority - 573
Verse 4:115 and Imam al-Shafi'i's proof -
573
Ijtihad
nature of rules deduced through - 149
reward on - 151
sense of difference in - 151
only Allah is the judge of the outcome
in - 152
no side is open to objection in - 152
school of thought coexist in - 152, 153
- needs perfect multi-dimensional ex-
pertise 154
personal opinions of the unqualified not
valid in - 154
- in modern problems 520
methodology of - 520
the outcome of - 521, 522
the - of the Holy Prophet 568
five rules of guidance on his - 568, 569
Ijtihad and Qiyas
the proof of - 479
Ikhlaş (unalloyed sincerity) 580, 581,
582, 614
Ikhtilaf (alternation) 272
'Ikrimah 156, 190
Impurity
minor - see (al) hadath al-asghar
‘Īmran 64
Infaq fi sabilillah (spending in the
way of Allah) 197, 198
Infallibility, see 'işmah
INHERITANCE
right of - from parents and nearest of
kin 327, 328, 329
the rules of - 329
the problem of an orphaned grandson's
- 331
the right of - operates in everything
owned by the deceased 331, 332
fixed shares in - determined by Allah
332

Index -- 661
- is a compulsory transfer of ownership
332, 333, 334
fear Allah while distributing - 334, 335
orphans : misappropriation in their -
335, 336, 337
related rulings about - 337, 338, 339
initial rights of - on the property of the
deceased 340
the share of children in - 340, 341
concern for giving shares to girls in -
341, 342, 343
the share of parents in - 343, 344, 345
agnatic kinship in - 343
hajb al-Nuqsan in - 344
husband and wife: share in - 345, 346
ruling in terms of payment of dower in -
346, 347
the - of Kalalah 347, 348
brother and sister: the share of in - 348,
349
issues concerning Wașiyyah (will) in -
349, 350
will-related rulings in - 350, 351
distribution of - as per fixed shares is
mandatory 351, 352
Beware as - is the domain of Allah, the
determiner, the cognizant, the for-
bearing 352
wisdom behind the law of - 416
Inheritance, additional rules
no Muslim inherits a Kafir 353
no Kafir inherits a Muslim 353
the - of the killer 353
the - of the unborn child 353, 354
the - of the woman in 'iddah 354
the - of 'asbat' (agnatic heir) 355
the - of Kalalah 649, 450, 451, 452
(see Kalalah for detail)
Injustice (zulm)
the eradication of - 615
protest, sue, but retaliate justly against
- 615
still, patience and forgiveness are bet-
ter against - 616, 617
(also see Zulm)
عليه السلام Isa
- was not killed 622, 623
- was not crucified 622, 623
Jews were deluded by resemblance
about - 622, 623
Allah raised - towards Him 622, 623
why were the Jews deluded about - 622,
623, 624
rationale of the death of - 625, 626
- a sign of Qiyamah 626, 627
- will return 626, 627
Belief in th e coming of - is part of Mus-
lim faith 628
- a Messenger of Allah 635
- His word delivered to Maryam 635,
636
- a spirit from Him 635, 636, 637, 638
- and Trinity as in the Qur'an 638, 639
excess in faith about - 28
--.
29, 62, 67, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77,
78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87,
88, 89, 90, 91, 101, 102, 104, 105, 116,
640, 641, 642
Ishaq (Issac) 630
Islam
literal meaning of - 106
- as a term 106
- as the Last Shari'ah 106
- name of the Ummah of the Last
Prophet 106, 107
- also the name of every Divine religion
. which came through a prophet 107,
108
(al) Islam 44
‘Işmah
Islamic legal definition of - 101
Ismail (Ishmael) 120, 630
Isra'il (Jacob) 116
Istinbat (pr. istimbat, to reach the truth)
519
Ittaqu (fear)
the meaning of - 292
I'tişam (holding on to Allah firmly) 130
J
Jabbar b. Fayd 90
Jabir b. 'Abdullah 175
Jabir b. Zayd 175
Janabah (major impurity)
editorial note on - 447, 448, 449
Janazah 337
Jesus Christ, see 'Īsa
Jews
the disgrace of - 161
Divine wrath on - 161
except when Covenant of Allah saves -
161
or, treaty obligation from men does -
161

Index -- 662
the case of the state of Israel - 162
miserliness of - 263
falsifying and killing of prophets by - 48
49, 50, 55, 101, 116, 150, 167, 264,
267, 269, 450, 451, 453, 455, 456, 462,
481, 482, 491, 540, 564, 565, 566, 567,
577, 579, 604, 605, 617, 618, 620, 621,
622, 623, 624, 625, 628, 629, 631, 634,
635, 638, 639, 640, 641, 643
Jibra'il 181
Jibt 454, 455
Jihad
- is prescribed for the faithful 500
the attitude in - 501
assembling men and materials in - 501
- answers call of the oppressed 502
- is waged in the way of Allah 503
faith and prayer remove hardships of -
503
the objective of believers in - 503, 504
the objective of disbelievers in - 504,
505
the wish to postpone - 506, 507
self-correction precedes - 507
- as an absoute individual obligation
507
- as an obligation of sufficiency 507, 508
there is no escape from death for -
dodgers 508, 509, 510
some injunctions about - 550, 551
- when an absolute individual obliga-
tion 551, 552
- when an obligation of sufficiency 551
the principle of distribution of work in -
551, 552
- is not obligatory for the lame, crip-
pled, blind, and others excused under
Islamic law 552
Justice
everyone upholds -, not the government
alone 596, 597, 598
impediment to - 591, 592
Qur'anic principles of universal - 602,
603
K
Kabirah, see Sin, major
Ka'bah
the status of - 117
the structure of - 118
the merits of - 121, 122
the blessings of - 121, 122
the distinction of - 123, 124
the Station of Ibrahim in - 124, 125
the sanctuary of - 125
the obligation of the Hajj of - 126
custodial services of - (Baytullah) 466,
467,468
Ka'b b. Aslami 495
Ka'b b. Ashraf, Jewish chief 455, 456,
481, 483, 491
Kaffarah (expiation) 511, 543, 544, 545
(also see Sin, minor)
Kafn 337
Kalalah
the definition of - 649
the manner of distributing the inheri-
tance of a - 649, 650
observations on the cause of revelation
and the injunction of - 650, 651, 652
(alo see Kalalah under Inheritance)
(al) Kalbi 116
(لا إله الله محمد رسول اللّه) Kalimah
the status of the sayer of - 547, 548
the sayer of - is ahl al-Qiblah (of the
people of Qiblah) 549
a professor of Muslim - cannot be called
a kafir 550
(al) Kandhlawi, Maulana Muhammad
Idris 85
Khalid 537
Khalid b. Hizam 555
Khalid b. Walid, Jihad warrior 361,
510
Khalq (creation) 272
(al) Khatib al-Baghdadi 230
Khandaq (trench)
an episode from the battle of - 50
the prophet's prophecy at - 51
Jews and hypocrites ridicule prophecy
at - 52
Allah answers giving Muslims power of
prayer at - 52
oft-repeated Ayah of Qur'an revealed at
- 52, 54
Khawarij 156
(al) Khayr (good)
explanation of - 52, 53
merit of verses mentioning - 26, 27, 54
- means following the Qur'an and Sun
nah 146
Khayr al-Umam (the best of communi.
ties)
The Ummah of Muhammad is - 158

Index -- 663
The reason why it is - 159, 160
Khazraj (tribe of) 129, 141, 164, 177
Khilafah (Caliphate) 235
Khuzaimah b. Thabit 362
Killing (qatl)
the 8 forms of - 541
the 2 types of - 541
related injunctions of - 541, 542
the 3 kinds of homicidal - 542
punishments and rulings on - 543, 544,
545
diyah (blood money) against - 543, 544
laws against - of dhimmis 541, 542,
543, 544
the rule of qisas in -542
the rule of kaffarah in - 543, 544, 545
the rule of al-'Aqilah in - 543
the rule about Musta'min in - 544, 542
the need to repent in - 543, 545
(Al) Kitab 570
L
Labid b. Sahl 564, 567
La'nah (curse)
meaning of - 457
- of Allah ruins dunya and Akhirah 457
ten ahadith on those deserving the - of
Allah 457, 458, 459
detailed explanation of - 460
hadith-based rules and rulings on - 460,
461
Liquor
- was prohibited gradually 446
Laziness in Şalah
- when doctrinal, is blameworthy 613
- when despite correct beliefs, is not in-
cluded under the Qur'anic censure
613
- when due to valid excuse, it is not
even blameworthy 613
Life-to-come (Akhirah)
concern for - heals all sorrows 261, 266,
267
(also see entry: worldly enjoyments)
Lut, the people of 79, 181, 361
M
Madhhab (school of thought) 43
Mahmud b. Labid 441
Mahr (dower)
forms of injustices in payment of - in
pre-Islam Arabia 315
eradication of injustices in payment of -
by the Holy Qur'an 315, 316
focus on - in our time 316
the rule of giving - in good cheer 317,
318
Mahram 127
Ma'iz b. Malik 358
Making peace
the graces of - 572
- for the pleasure of Allah only 572
Mal (property), see property 401
Malik b. Anas, Imam 119, 255, 494
Marriage, the injunctions of
see Ahkam
Marriages of the Holy Prophet
a brief account of - 304, 305, 306, 307,
308, 309, 310
see Sirah from original sources on - 310
avoid anti-Islam propaganda about -
310
Married Life
Some Qur'anic instructions about - 584,
585,586
interference of others in disputes dur-
ing - 587
guidelines for parties in - 588
compromise is better in - 588, 589, 590,
591
no one responsible for things beyond
control in - 591, 592
Verse 4:129 on - cannot be used against
polygamy 592, 593
Martyrs (Shuhada')
merits of - in the way of Allah 246, 247,
248
(al) Ma'ruf 143, 144, 145, 149, 159
Mary, see Maryam
Maryam (Mary) 64, 65, 70, 71, 72, 635,
636, 638, 639
Maryam, the mother of 63, 64
(al) Masjid al-Aqsa 122
Ma'sum (free and protected from sins)
241
Mashwarah, see consultation
(al) Masjid al-Haram 122
Material affluence

Index -- 664
- of disbelievers is an extension of Di-
vine punishment 258
Materialism
the limits of - 642, 643
Men of Allah, see God-fearing Muslims,
also 'Ribbiyun'
(al) Minhaj 43
Miqdad b. al-Aswad 547
Miracles, see Ayat
Mi‘raj 105
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian 88
Misappropriation in spoils
see Ghulul
Miserliness (bukhl)
The defiition of - 261, 262.
The punishment of - 263, 264, 265
- of Jews 263
Mithaq, see Covenant
Moderation
- in Faith 644
problems in the way of - 644, 645
the ideal solution for - 646
Mu'adh b. Jabal 401, 464
Mu'awiyah b. Abu Sufyan 407
Mubahalah
the background of - 90, 91
the definition of - 90
the meaning of - 91
Qur'an's 'our sons' - 90, 91, 92
Qur'an's 'ourselves' - 90, 92
The fallacy of Shi'ite interpretation - 92
Muhajir (emigrant)
- as entitled by definition 533, 558
- as not so entitled 554, 558
(Sayyidna) Muhammad
- the prophet of Islam 107
- is closest to Sayyidna Ibrahim 94
pledge taken from - 104
the migration of - 79, 556
the final and universal prophethood of -
105,512
- is Allah's favour to believers 243
- is Allah's mercy for all the worlds 243,
244
the status of - explained 244, 245
obedience to - is compulsory 512, 513
- is not accountable for disbelievers 513
- ignored adversaries, continued his
mission and succeeded as leader 514
deducing injunctions also a function of
prophet - 520, 521
the company of - is not restricted to any
colour or race 496
those who love - shall be near him on
the Day of Resurrection 495, 496
miracles of and faith in - 631
- received revelations as did other
prophets 632
not believing in - as Prophet of Allah
brings Divine punishment 633
Allah is witness to the prophethood of -
throught the miracle of Qur'an 634
guidance depends on following - 634
belief in - is the only source of salvation
635
- on love of wordly life 35, 31
- on Paradise 39, 43, 465, 494, 495, 511
- on love and hate for Allah 60
- on marriage 65
- on having children 65, 66
- on the coming of Sayyidna 'Isa 85, 105,
625, 626
- on speaking the truth 110
- on life, death and resurrection 133
- on the Book of Allah 135
- on Bidding the Fair and Forbidding
the Unfair 143, 144, 159
- on the need to protect dhimmies and
non-Muslims 166
- on way out of difficulties 170
- on the trust in Allah 174
- on charity 197, 199
- on government through consultation
228
- on seeking counsel from the wise 230,
471.
- on misappropriation 242, 336,
- on Ihsan in good deeds 252, 499
- on use of means before trust 255
- on payment of Zakah 263
- on being satisfied with sin 264
- on guarding the frontiers of a Muslim
country 285, 286, 287
- on good relations with near of kin 294,
295
- on spreading the practice of Salam 294
- on feeding people for the pleasure of
Allah 194, 531
- on praying by night 294
- on orphans 296, 336
- on etiquette of eating 308
- on injustice 316
the authority of - 487

Index -- 665
- on defence of property 320
- on a good person's property 320
- on being rich fearing Allah 320
- on poverty and disbelief 321
- on balancing faith and wealth 321,
322
- on will in inheritance 350
- on Muslim-Kafir and Kafir-Muslim in-
heritance 353
- on killer not inheriting 353
- on the curse of homosexuality 360,
457,458
- on men imitating women and vice ver-
sa 360,
- on punishment of homosexuality 361
- on Allah's anger against anal sex with
women 361, 362
- on going unto women in menstruation
362
- on going to soothsayers 362
- on fosterage 378
- on unlawfulness of taking an aunt,
maternal or paternal, with her niece
381
- on prohibition of Mut'ah 389
- on what is the purest mode of earning
401
- on the ranks of trustworthy trader
401, 402, 495
- on drinking 410
- on six types of losers in life 410
- on who is best among women as wife
421, 422
- on just treatment of women 423
- on good treatment with parents 433
- on caring for neighbours 435, 436
- on warning against arrogance 437,
438
- on givers and misers 439, 440
- on .calculating or withholding while
giving 439
- on abhorrance of Shirk 440, 441
- on drowsiness in Salah 447
- on the curse of Allah being upon the
eater and feeder of interest 458
- on the curse of Allah being upon liq-
uor and everyone connected with it
458
- and his Lord curse six types of people
458
- on oggling and being oggled at 458,
459
- on makers of alteration in the creation
of Allah 459
- on a true Muslim who never curses
460, 461
- on envy and hatred 463
- on abandoning a Muslim brother 463
- on fulfillment of trust obligations 469
- on the curse of appointing someone
undeserving on a job 470
-on meetings as a kind of trust 471
- on the impermissibility of obedience to
the created "when disobeying the
Creator 478
- on who will go first under the shade of
Allah 479
- on his men and women 491
- on the virtue of prostrations before Al-
lah 495
- on number of men in military com-
paigns 501
- on worldly hardships being expiation
of sins for a Muslim 511, 512, 578,
579
- on the spreading of hearsay 518
- on the killing of a Muslim 525
- on good recommendation 526, 527
- on the need that Muslims remain safe
from the tongue and hands of the
Muslim person 530
- on popularizing the practice of saying
and responding to Salam 531, 532
- on the proper etiquette of Salam 532,
533, 534, 535
- on Hijrah 539, 554, 555, 558
- on discord among Muslims 572
- on consensus of Ummah 573
- on compromise between Muslims 589
- on not dining where liquor is being
served 611
- on one part of Qur'an explaining the
others 619
- on being a servant and messenger of
Allah only 640, 641
- on excess in faith 642
- on Bid'ah 643
Muhammad b. Al-Munkadir 361
Muhammad b. Ka'b al-Qurazī 407
Muhdathat
the meaning of - 581, 643
Muļkamat 27
Mujahid 118, 475, 508, 536, 556
Mukhliş (a sincere person)
a precise definition of - 614
Mulla 'Ali al-Qarī 553

Index -- 666
Munafiq (hypocrite) 537
(al) Munkar 143, 144, 145, 149
Murabatah (being ready for war)
the root of - 283, 284, 285
the meaning of - 284
In Qur'an and Hadith, the sense of - 284
(also see Ribaț)
Murtadd (apostate) 605
عليه السلام Musa
the migration of - 79, 556
pledge taken from - 104
authority of Book and power given to -
620,621
Allah spoke to - 630
Muşabarah (being firm against enemy)
283, 284
(also see Sabr)
Muş'ab b. 'Umayr 172
Mushajarat 220
Mushawarah (mutual consultation),
see Consultation
Muslim Power
two principles of - 131, 142
1. TAQWA: Its meaning 131
degrees of Taqwa 131
Taqwa 'as due' 131, 132, 133
2. UNITY: hold cord of Allah jointy 133,
134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139,
What is the cord of Allah 135, 136
Islam, the only source 137, 138
Avoid division 138, 139
Shun argumentation, asking and
wastage 139
Keep differences under limits 139,
140
The Blessings of Brotherhood 140
Unity depends on obedience to Allah
141
Musta'min (non-Muslim who lawfully
enters an Islamic state for temporary
stay) 542, 544
Mutanabbi 53
Mutashabihat 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31
N
Nahy 'an al-Munkar, see Forbidding
the Unfair
Najran, the Christians of 90, 100
(al) Nawawi, commentator of Muslim 462
Night of Ascent, see Mi‘raj
Abu Nu'aim 50
Nuh (Noah) 62, 104, 630, 631, 632, 633
Nur (Light)
-refers to the Holy Qur'an 648
- may refer to the Holy Prophet gy sub-
ject to condition 648-
0
Obedience
- to Allah and His Messenger 185
- to Allah 467
forms of - to Allah 476
- to the Messenger of Allah 476
-to the Messenger's word and deed is -
to Allah 476, 477, 478
model - of noble Şahabah 111, 112
- to 'those in authority' 477, 478
- in anti-Shari'ah matters 478, 479
- to Allah and His Mesenger is reward-
ed 493
the rewardees of such - are the truthful,
the martyrs and the righteous 493,
498, 499
Orphans
the rights of - 296
the meaning of - (al-Yatama') 296
misappropiation in the property of - is
forbidden 298
(also see property and inheritance)
Orphaned girls
violation of the rights of - 299
measures to protect - 299, 300
considerations in marrying - 300
(also see inheritance and property)
P
Paradise (Jannah)
vastness of - humanly inconceivable
192
- is priceless 192, 193
- is most exalted 193
- is by mercy of Allah only 193
- lies prepared for the God-fearing 193
some ranks of - 487, 498
some forms of meeting in - 494
deeds will be the criterion in ranks of -
493
Patience and Piety,

Index -- 667
see Sabr and Taqwa
Persia 50, 51, 52, 150
Picture-making 74
Pledge ('ahd)
the meaning of - 99
warnings against breaking - 99, 100
Polygamy
the practice of - before Islam 301, 302
Qur'an stopped the injustice of - 302,
303, 304
Property (mal)
protecting - is necessary 320
wasting - is a sin 320
person killed defending - is a martyr
(shahid) 320
wealth and - a shield of the true Mus-
lim 321
do not hand over - to feeble-minded
children and women 319
when a minor is ready to receive - 322,
323, 324
undue spending not allowed from the
orphan's - 324
needy guardian can take expenses from
the orphan's - 325
witnesses needed while handing over -
to the orphan 325
Applied ruling on services rendered to
endowments, trusts and estates 325,
326
eating up - of others by false means
398, 399, 400
false means according to Qur'an and
Hadith 400
trade excluded from false means 400,
401
nature of - acquired by clean earning
401, 402
acquisition of - through mutual consent
402, 403
nature of mutual consent in - acquisi-
tion 404
warning against usurpation of -
through force and injustice 404
Prejudice
Islam is free of - 98
Prophets
the real purpose of sending - 595, 596
the infallibility of - 101
Protected from sin (ma'sum), see
ma'sum
Protection of property, see property
Purified wives
- as in verse 4:57 464
an explanation of - 456
Gaşr (making Şalah short)
- in travel 560.
rulings about - 560
- is a reward-worthy order of Shari'ah
560
(al) Qastalani 443
Qatadah 104, 118, 132, 519, 563, 564,
565, 566, 567, 577
Qatl, see killing
Qimar, see gambling
Qadi Thanaullah Panipati 359, 610
Qisas (even retaliation), see killing
(also see Index entry: Qisas in Vol. I)
Qiyam 69
Qiyas (analogical deduction from within
the Qur'an and Sunnah)
the method of - 517
the proof of - and Ijtihad 479, 517,
- in modern problems 520
Qur'ah (drawing of lots) 70
Qur'an
'one part of the - explains the other'
619,620
Qur'an and Sunnah
the reality of - 570
Quraysh 172
(al) Qurțubi, commentator 165, 167, 264,
455,501
R
Ribat (guarding Islamic frontiers)
the meaning of - 285
the two forms of - 285
the merits of - 285, 286, 287
a special blessing of - 287
Rabi‘ b. Anas 132, 465, 495
Rabi' 132, 495
Radd (the law of return) 355
Rafi‘ b. Khadij 401
Raghib, Isfahani 165, 498, 499
Rahmatullah Kiranawi 639
Rajm (stoning to death) 358, 359
Rasul (messenger of Allah)