Indexed OCR Text

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Chapter 10
5.
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Khabbaab bin Aratt
6.
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Bilal bin Rabah
7.
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Suhaib bin Sinaan
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ brother of 'Umar, رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Zaid bin Khattaab .8
رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Abu Marthad Kanaaz bin Husain 'Adawi .9
صَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ emancipated slave of Rasulullah , رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Abu Kabshah .10
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Safwaan bin Baydaa .11
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Abu 'Abas bin Jabr .12
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ the emancipated slave of Huzaifah, رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Saalim .13
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Mistah bin Asaasah .14
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Ukaashah bin Mihsan' .15
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Mas'ood bin Rab'i .16
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Umair bin 'Awf' .17
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Uwaim bin Saa'idah' .18
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Abu Lubaabah .19
رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Saalim bin Umair .20
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Abu Bishr K'ab bin 'Amr .21
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Khubaib bin Siyaaf .22
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Abdullah bin Unais' .23
رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Jundub bin Junaadah Abu Zarr Ghifaari .24
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Utbah bin Mas'ood Huzali' .25
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Abdullah bin Umar' .26
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Salmaan Faarsi .27
رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Huzaifah bin Yamaan .28
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Abud-Dardaa 'Uwaymir bin 'Aamir .29
رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Abdullah bin Zaid Juhani' .30
رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Hajaaj bin 'Amr Aslami .31

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صَلَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ Seeratul Mustafa
رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Abu Hurayrah Dawsi .32
صَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ emancipated slave of Rasulullah ,رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Sawbaan .33
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Mu'aaz bin Haaris .34
35. Saaib bin Khallaad deduls
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Saabit Wadi'ah .36
Fasting of Ramadhaan
In the same year, (2nd year) during the latter ten days of Sha'baan, fasting during
the month of Ramadhaan was made obligatory. In this regard, the following verse
was revealed:
شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِىِّ أُنْزِلَ فِيْهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدَى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّئْتٍ مِّنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِ" فَمَنْ شَهِدَ
مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمُ
"The month of Ramadhaan, in which the Qur-aan was revealed - a source of
guidance for the people and clear proofs for guidance and criterion (to distinguish
between good and evil). And whosoever witnesses the month, he should observe the
fast." [Surah Baqarah verse 185]
Ummul-Mumineen Hadhrat 'Aa'ishah Goals and Hadhrat 'Abdullah bin 'Amr
arrived in Madinah, he instructed us صَلَّاللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ narrates: "When Rasulullah رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ
to observe the fast of 'Aashurah (10th of Muharram). When the fast of Ramadhaan
was prescribed, he said: "As far as the fast of 'Aashurah is concerned, one is at
liberty to observe it or to abstain from it."
Salamah bin Akw'a deals relates: "On the day of 'Aashurah, Rasulullah
Lycka instructed a man to publicly announce: 'He who has not eaten as yet
should fast whilst he who has already eaten should also abstain from food and
drink like the fasting ones.""
Sadaqatul-Fitr and Eid Salaah
Just two days before the termination of the month of Ramadhaan, the divine
commandment obligating Sadaqatul-Fitr and Salaatul-Eid was revealed. In this
regard the following verse was revealed:

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قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكِّى ◌َ﴿ وَ ذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَى ﴾
"Successful is he who has spiritually cleansed himself and he has mentioned the
name of his Lord then performed the Salaah (of Eid). [Surah A'laa]
'Umar bin 'Abdul-Aziz aldas interpret the verse thus: "Successful is he who has
disbursed his Sadaqatul-Fitr and performed the Salaatul-Eid."
Salaatul-Adhaa and Qurbaani
In the same year, Qurbaani and the Salaah of Eidul-Adhaa was made obligatory.
The following verse was revealed in this regard:
فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَ انْحَرْ
"So perform Salaah (of Eid) for your Lord and slaughter (perform Qurbaani)."
[Surah Al kausar verse 2]
Hasan Basri & says: "This verse makes reference to Salaatul-Adhaa (Eidul-
Adhaa Salaah) and to Qurbaani."
Durood Shareef
Abu Zarr Meals narrates: "Conveying Salaah and Salaam (salutations) upon
Rasulullah Uclea was also prescribed in this year, the second year of Hijrah."
According to some scholars, this commandment was enjoined on the night of
Mi'raaj.
Zakaat on wealth
The 'Ulama have differed as to exactly when the annual Zakaat was enjoined. Most
are of the opinion that it was prescribed after the Hijrah. Some say it was in the
first year whilst others maintain that it was in the second year of Hijrah after the
compulsion of the Saum of Ramadhaan. And Allah Ta'ala knows best.

Chapter 11
Ghazawaat and Saraaya (Military Expeditions)
This chapter deals with the unique sacrifices of the Sahaabah cars in the path of
Allah Ta'ala and the execution of the rebellious villains in the various military
campaigns.
Only when the divine commandment of Jihaad was issued, did Rasulullah
Luckauf launch an offensive attack against the disbelievers and he despatched an
army to the various regions.
The battle in which Rasulullah Leaf himself participated is referred to as
a Ghazwah in the technical terminology of the scholars whilst the expedition in
which he did not participate is referred to as Sariyyah.
Sariyyah of Hadhrat Hamzah Kedkg
The very first squad of thirty Muhaajireen was despatched by Rasulullah Leaf
seven months after the Hijrah either in the month of Ramadhaan or in the month
of Rabi'ul-Awwal of the second year, towards Siful-Bahr under the leadership of
Hadhrat Hamzah Meals. This contingent was sent out to check on a trade caravan
of three hundred travellers returning from Syria under the commandership of Abu
Jahl. This was the first Sariyyah after Hijrah. This contingent was made up
exclusively of the Muhaajireen without any of the Ansaar. When Hadhrat Hamzah
Reaks landed at Siful-Bahr and both parties drew their battle lines poised for
attack, Majdi bin 'Amr Juhani mediated between the two rivals. Abu Jahl returned
to Makkah with his caravan and Hadhrat Hamzah Medks to Madinah.
215

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صَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ Seeratul Mustafa
Sariyyah of 'Ubaidah bin Haaris deals
Eight months after Hijrah, in the month of Shawwaal in the first year A.H.,
Rasulullah schaf despatched a contingent of sixty or eighty Muhaajireen
under the commandership of 'Ubaidah bin Haaris decks towards Rabigh. This
contingent consisted of no Ansaar.
When they reached Rabigh, they had a confrontation with two hundred
Qurayshi mounted cavalry. However, no actual battle took place. Only S'ad bin Abi
Waqqaas Meals launched a single arrow against the enemy. This was recorded as
the first arrow to be let loose in the history of Islam.
The Qurayshi cavalry - according to conflicting narrations - was under the
commandership of Abu Sufyaan bin Harb, 'Ikramah bin Abi Jahal or Mikraz bin
Hafs.
Miqdaad bin 'Amr and 'Utbah bin Ghazwaan, who had earlier embraced Islam
but as they were in the malicious clutches of the Quraysh, were unable to migrate,
also joined the Quraysh in this expedition with the intention of breaking away
from the Quraysh and joining the Muslims the moment an opportunity presented
itself. Accordingly, when the two hostile parties confronted one another, these two
slipped away from the ranks of the kuffaar and joined the Muslims.
Sariyyah of S'ad bin Abi Waqqaas deals
In the first year of Hijrah, in the month of Zul-Q'adah, Rasulullah Lai
despatched an infantry unit comprising of twenty Muhaajireen under the
command of S'ad bin Abi Waqqaas deale to Kharrar.
This infantry unit would hide during the day and travel at night. When they
landed at the valley of Kharrar, they learnt that the Qurayshi caravan (that they
were pursuing) had already left. This group then returned to Madinah.
Expedition of Abwa
This was the very first military campaign in which Rasulullah Leaf actively
participated whilst the battle of Tabuk was his last.
In the beginning of the month of Safar, in the second year of Hijrah, taking
sixty Muhaajireen with him without any Ansaar, Rasulullah Leaf set out for
Abwa to launch an offensive against a Qurayshi caravan and upon the Banu
Damrah tribe. He appointed S'ad bin 'Ubaadah Medke as his vicegerent in Madinah.
The battle flag in this expedition was held by Hadhrat Hamzah deals.
When Rasulullah Uclea landed at Abwa, the Qurayshi caravan had
already departed. Concluding a truce with the chief of the Banu Damrah tribe,

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Chapter 11
Makhshi bin 'Amr, Rasulullah Li returned to Madinah. Some of the
conditions of this truce were that the Banu Damrah would neither wage war
against the Muslims nor would they support the Muslims' enemy in any way. They
would not betray the Muslims and in times of need, they are required to extend a
helping hand to the Muslims.
This expedition is also referred to as the battle or expedition of Wuddaan.
Abwa and Wuddaan are names of places barely six miles apart form one another.
In this expedition, within fifteen days, Rasulullah Leaf returned to
Madinah Munawwarah without actually engaging in any physical combat.
The Battle of Bawaat
Through divine revelation Rasulullah Leaf was informed of a trade caravan
of the Quraysh heading towards Makkah. Rasulullah Laf set out for Bawaat
with at least two hundred Mujaahideen in the month of Rabi'ul-Awwal or Rabi'us-
Saani 2 A.H. The purpose of this expedition was to launch an attack against this
trade caravan. Rasulullah ◌َصَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم appointed 'Usmaan bin Maz'oon ◌ُرَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْه, who
was amongst the first group of people to embrace Islam and also amongst the
emigrants to Abyssinia, as his governor in Madinah Munawwarah.
This trade caravan of the Quraysh comprised of two thousand five hundred
camels and one hundred tribesmen of the Quraysh under the leadership of
Umayyah bin Khalaf.
When Resulullah stuga kauf reached Bawaat, he discovered that the trade
caravan had somehow slipped away undetected. So without engaging in any
hostilities, Rasulullah Leaf returned to Madinah Munawwarah.
Expedition of 'Ushayrah
During Jumaadal-Ula, 2 A.H., Rasulullah cia, in the company of two
hundred Muhaajireen, set out for 'Ushayrah to attack the Qurayshi caravan.
'Ushayrah is close to Yamb'u. He appointed Abu Salamah bin 'Abdul-Asad deals
as his vicegerent in Madinah.
Thirty camels were available for this expedition and the Sahaabah Acal
took turns riding them.
A number of days before Rasulullah cka turned up at 'Ushayrah, the
trade caravan that he was pursuing had already slipped away. Rasulullah
Lucka. then stayed on for the rest of the month of Jumaadal-Ula and a few days
of Jumaadas-Saaniyah. He then concluded a peace treaty with Bani Mudlij tribe
and without actually engaging in any form of combat, Rasulullah Li
returned to Madinah Munawwarah.
This is what the peace treaty looked like:

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صَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ Seeratul Mustafa
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ ، هذا کتاب من محمد رسول الله لبنی ضمرة
بانهم آمنون على اموالهم وانفسهم وان لهم النصر على من رماهم ان لا
يحاربوا فى دين الله ما بل بحر صوفة وان النبى اذ دعاهم لنصره اجابوه
عليهم بذلك ذمة الله وذمة رسوله ولهم النصر على من برواتقى
"Bismillahir-Rahmaanir-Raheem. This is an accord from Muhammad Rasulullah in
favour of Banu Damrah tribe. Their lives and property are protected and safe. They
will be assisted against whosoever attacks them provided Banu Damrah themselves
do not interfere with the Deen of Allah. This treaty will remain in force until Lake
Sufah dries up. (In other words, this treaty will remain perpetually intact.) When
the Rasool Lyckanf beckons them to assist, they will be required to offer their
(unstinting) support. This is the pledge of Allah and His Rasool Lyckait over
them. The pious and Allah-conscious from amongst them will be aided and
supported."
First Battle of Badr - Also referred to as the battle of Safwaan or
the minor battle of Badr
Barely ten days had passed after Rasulullah's Laf return to Madinah from
the battle of 'Ushayrah when Kurz bin Jaabir Fahri launched a late night attack on
the pastures of Madinah and made off with a number of camels and goats.
The instance Rasulullah Lyckat received news about this offensive, he
immediately set out in pursuit of him towards Safwaan. This was a location close
to Badr. However, Kurz had already sneaked off even before Resulullah Jugate auf
landed at Safwaan. This is why he decided to return to Madinah.
Safwaan is a region close to Badr. Since Resulullah skugateau trailed him all
the way to Badr, this expedition is referred to as the first battle of Badr and it is
also referred to as the battle of Safwaan. Before setting out for this expedition,
Rasulullah ◌َصَلَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم appointed Zaid bin Haarisah ◌ُرَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْه as his deputy in Madinah
Munawwarah.
Kurz bin Jaabir Meals was one of the chieftains of the Quraysh tribe. He later
embraced Islam. Resulullah Lugarkai appointed him the Ameer of the unit that
was despatched to give chase to the 'Uraniyyeen. He was martyred in the conquest
of Makkah.

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Chapter 11
Sariyyah of 'Abdullah bin Jahsh delle
On his return from the expedition of Safwaan, Rasulullah af despatched
'Abdullah bin Jahsh Medkss towards a place called Nakhlah in the month of Rajab 2
A.H. Eleven Muhaajireen, who are listed hereunder, were also despatched with
him:
1. Abu Huzaifah bin 'Utbah deals
2.
'Ukkaashah bin Mihsan deals
3.
'Utbah bin Ghazwaan deals
4.
رَضَِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Sad bin Abi Waqqaas
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Aamir bin Rabi'ah' .5
6. Waaqid bin 'Abdullah delle
7.
Khaalid bin Bukair &xh
8.
رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Suhail bin Baydaa
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Aamir bin Iyaas' .9
رَضِّ اللَّهُ عَنْه Miqdaad bin 'Amr .10
رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Safwaan bin Baydaa .11
Stad bin Abi Waqqaas ◌ُرَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْه narrates: "Rasulullah ◌َصَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم planned to send us
out on a Sariyyah and revealed: 'I will appoint such a man as an Ameer (leader)
over you who is the most tolerant over hunger and thirst.' He then appointed
'Abdullah bin Jahsh Meals as an Ameer over us."
Jundub Bajali ◌ُرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْه relates: "As Rasulullah ◌َصَلَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم was sending off
'Abdullah bin Jahsh Weaks, he wrote out a letter and handing it over to him
instructed: 'Do not open this letter until you are two days into your journey. Once
you are two days into your expedition, read this letter and act accordingly but do
not compel any of your companions to do so.'
Accordingly, two days into the journey, 'Abdullah bin Jahsh deals opened the
letter of Rasulullah tackauf and found the following instructions written therein:
'Continue on your journey until you land at a place called Nakhlah between
Makkah and Taaif and wait there for the Quraysh. Also continue to provide us
intelligence on their movements.'
On reading the contents of this letter, 'Abdullah bin Jahsh deals declared:
'Sam'an wa Taa'atan - I submit and adhere to the instructions of Rasulullah
Lycka[ ... ' He then notified his companions about the contents of the letter,

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صَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ Seeratul Mustafa
adding: 'I am not compelling any of you to adhere to these instructions.
Whomsoever cherishes martyrdom may join me.' Every single one of them
enthusiastically agreed to accompany him on this mission and they subsequently
set out for Nakhlah.
En route, S'ad and 'Utbah's camel went astray (somewhere in the desert) and
whilst searching for the lost camel, both of them got left behind and they lost their
way. The remaining members of this unit proceeded to Nakhlah and stayed there
(for a few days)."
The first spoils of war in Islam
A Qurayshi trade caravan was returning from Syria to Makkah on the last day of
Rajab. Engagement in hostilities and combat was forbidden in this month.
However, mistakenly thinking that it was already the first of Sh'abaan, the
Sahaabah peaks launched an attack on this trade caravan.
Waaqid bin 'Abdullah xedhe shot an arrow at the leader of this caravan 'Amr
bin Al-Hadrami that proved instantaneously fatal. The moment the travellers of the
caravan learnt what happened to their leader, they anxiously fled in confusion and
despair. The Muslims then seized their goods and property. Also, 'Usmaan bin
'Abdullah and Hakam bin Kaysaan were captured as prisoners of war.
Up until that time, no divine instruction existed in regards to the distribution
of the war booty. Purely on the basis of his inference, 'Abdullah bin Jahsh dedulse
divided the booty into five parts. Of that, he distributed four parts amongst the
Mujaahideen and the remaining one fifth he kept aside for Rasulullah Laf.
When they returned to Madinah and apprised Rasulullah cial of these
events, he remarked: "I did not instruct you to fight during the Haraam (sacred)
month. Be that as it may, keep the prisoners and the booty safely aside until a
divine commandment is revealed in this regard."
Upon this reprimand, 'Abdullah bin Jahsh Meals and his companions were
exceptionally grieved and dreadfully agitated, whilst on the other hand, the
disbelievers and the Jews set out alleging: "Muhammad and his companions have
made fighting in the sacred months permissible." On this occasion, the following
verse was revealed:
يَسْتَلُوْنَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيْلِ قُلْ قِنَالُ فِيْهِ كَبًِّا* وَصَدُّ عَنْ سَبِيْلِ اللهِوَ كُفْرٌّ په
وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامَِّ وَإِخْرَاُ اَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ اَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللهِ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ﴿ وَلَا يَزَالُوْنَ
يُقَاتِلُوْنَكُمْ حَتَّى يَرُنُوْ كُمْ عَنْ دِيْنِكُمْ إِ اسْتَطَاءُوْا ◌ُ
"They ask you (O Muhammad!) about fighting in the sacred month. Say (to them),
undoubtedly fighting in this month is a great (sin) but forestalling people from the

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path of Allah, disbelief in Allah, preventing people from Masjidul-Haraam and
expelling the people of the Haram from the Haram, all these are far greater sins in
the sight of Allah. The fitnah (trial and misery of polytheism and disbelief) is far
worse than this fighting. These disbelievers will continue fighting you until they
turn you away from your religion if they have the ability."
[Surah Baqarah verse 217]
In short, fighting in this sacred month either due to confusion or misunderstanding,
is no great deal. Yes, the fitnah of disbelief and polytheism and calculatedly
preventing the Muslims from entering Masjidul-Haraam is a colossal fitnah,
beyond which there is no greater transgression.
Subsequent to the revelation of this verse, Rasulullah Laf accepted his
one fifth of the booty whilst the remaining four fifths were distributed amongst the
Mujaahideen.
On hearing the details of this verse, 'Abdullah bin Jahsh deduke and his
companions were cast into a sense of utter delight. Yearning for a reward, they felt
rather buoyant to ask Rasulullah Udkaf. if they can expect any reward for this.
They enquired: "O Rasulullah Lleauf ! Can we hope for any reward from this
expedition?" Upon this, the following verse was revealed:
إِنَّالَّذِيْنَ امَنُوْا وَالَّذِيْنَ هَاجَرُّوْا وَجَهَدُوْا فِيْ سَبِيْلِ اللهِ أُولِّكَ يَرْجُوْنَ رَحْمَتَ اللهِّ وَاللهُ
غَفُوْرُ رَّحِيمُ
"Verily those who believed, and those who migrated and executed Jihaad in the path
of Allah, such people (may) entertain hope of the mercy of Allah, (and why not
when) Allah is all-forgiving, merciful." [Surah Baqarah verse 218]
This was the very first war-booty in Islam and 'Amr bin Hadrami was the first
disbeliever to be slain at the hands of the Muslims.
The Quraysh remitted a sum of money for the release of the two captives,
'Usmaan bin 'Abdullah and Hakam bin Kaysaan, held by the Muslims. When
presented with this demand, Rasulullah kaf said: "As long as my
companions, S'ad and 'Utbah, do not return, I will not release your captives. I dread
that you may kill them. If you kill my companions, I will also retaliate by executing
your people."
A few days later, S'ad and 'Utbah returned safely. Rasulullah Leaf then
accepted the ransom and released 'Usmaan and Hakam. The instant he was
released, 'Usmaan returned to Makkah where he died a disbeliever whilst Hakam
bin Kaysaan embraced Islam and stayed over at Madinah. He was martyred in the
expedition of Bir Ma'unah.
As an insight to the aforementioned incident, 'Abdullah bin Jahsh Meals
composed the following verses of poetry:

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صَلَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ Seeratul Mustafa
تَعُدُّوْنَ قَتْلًا فِى الْحَرَامِ عَظِيْمَةً وَأَعْظَمُ مِنْهُ لَوْ يَرَى الرشدِ رَاشِدُ
وَكُفْرَّ بِه واللهُ رَاءٍ وشَاهدُ
صدودُكُمْ عَمَّا يقول مُحَمَّدُ
"You view fighting within the sacred months as a great sin but worse than that, if
only an intelligent person would grasp, is your hindrance from what Muhammad
LEMLÍ is saying and your disbelief in him. Allah is an observer and witness.
كَيْلًا يُرى فِی البَیْتِ لِلّهِ سَاجِدُ
وَإِخراجكم من مسجد الله اَهلَهُ
Your expulsion of the people of Allah Ta'ala from His Masjid so that not a single
person prostrating may be seen, is even worse than fighting in the sacred months.
وَارْجَفَ بِالاسلام باغ وحاسدُ
فانا وان عَيَّرْ تُمُوْنَا بِقَتْلِه
سَقَيْنَا مِنِ ابن الحضرمى رِمَاحَنَا بِنَخْلَةَ لَمَّ او قد الحربَ وَاقِدُ
ينازعه غل من القید عَانِدُ
وتـ
دما وابن عبدالله عثمان بيننا
Over our action of fighting in this month, you may attempt to humiliate us as much
as you please and the jealous may spread as many rumours as they like, it would
not matter to us in the least. We quenched our spears with the blood of 'Amr bin
Hadrami at Nakhlah when Waaqid bin 'Abdullah stoked the flames of war.
'Usmaan bin 'Abdullah was a captive amongst us with chains and shackles
burdening him down to the ground."

Chapter 12
Battle of Badr - 2 A.H.
This battle was the most decisive battle in the annals of Islam because this battle
was the forerunner to the honour and splendour of Islam and it marked the
beginning of the fall and humiliation of disbelief.
Through the divine mercy of Allah Ta'ala, without any form of external and
material resources, the Deen of Islam was fortified from the unseen whilst a
powerful blow was dealt to the skull of disbelief and polytheism. Perhaps no other
battle can be equated with the battle of Badr. This is why Allah Ta'ala refers to that
day as the day of Furqaan - the differentiating factor between truth and falsehood.
In fact it was also the month of Furqaan. It was the month of Ramadhaan in which,
by revealing the Qur-aan, Allah Ta'ala exposed the distinction between truth and
falsehood, between guidance and deviation.
Preamble to the Battle of Badr
During the early stages of the month of Ramadhaan, Rasulullah Leaf learnt
that Abu Sufyaan was returning to Makkah with a trade caravan fully laden with
commercial merchandise and other goods.
Rasulullah ◌َصَلَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم gathered the Sahaabah ◌ُرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُم and addressed them:
"This is a fully laden trade caravan of the Quraysh. Proceed towards this caravan. It
would not surprise me if Allah Ta'ala decides to award this caravan to you as 'the
spoils of war'."
Since they entertained not a hint of engaging in hostilities, they had set out
without any military preparations. Abu Sufyaan, who was also anxious of such an
interception, continued soliciting every traveller on his journey for some news
about Rasulullah Uckaf as he got closer to Hijaaz. On one of his enquiries, a
traveller enlightened him about Rasulullah clef instructing his companions
223

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صَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ Seeratul Mustafa
to pursue his trade caravan. Without further ado, Abu Sufyaan paid Damdam
Ghifaari a sum of money and sent him off to the Quraysh of Makkah with the
message: "As quick as you can, protect your caravan and salvage your capital
because Muhammad and his companions have already departed to intercept this
caravan.'
This is the very same caravan against which Resulullah Lugarkauf set out with
two hundred Muhaajireen in the expedition of 'Ushayrah. Now the caravan was
returning from Syria. Since Resulullah Lackauf merely intended to intercept the
caravan, in haste very few people were able to accompany him on this journey.
Since this journey was not undertaken with the intention of fighting and Jihaad,
those who failed to participate were neither rebuked nor criticised.
Departure
On the twelfth of Ramadhaan, Rasulullah Laf set out from Madinah
Munawwarah. Three hundred and thirteen Mujaahideen accompanied him on this
lofty expedition. They were so ill equipped for this expedition that the entire group
had just two horses and seventy camels. One horse belonged to Hadhrat Zubair bin
'Awwaam Meals and the other to Hadhrat Miqdaad deals. Each camel was
allocated to a group of two or three people. Hadhrat 'Abdullah bin Mas'ood deathss
narrates: "In the expedition of Badr, just one camel was allocated to a group of
three people, which they would take turns in riding. Abu Lubaabah deaths, and Ali
When it was Rasulullah's. صَلَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ were partnered with Rasulullah رَضَِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ
(would plead: "O رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ and Ali رَضّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ turn to walk, Abu Lubaabah صَلَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
Rasulullah schaf ! You continue riding, we will walk on your behalf." To this
Rasulullah Uckaf. would reply: "You are neither stronger than I am nor am I
more independent of the divine reward of walking than you are."
When they reached Bir Abi 'Inabah (approximately a mile out of Madinah),
Rasulullah gateau assembled all of them for a visual inspection. Youngsters,
who were eager to participate in this expedition, were sent back home from this
point. When he reached a place called Rawhaa, he appointed Abu Lubaabah bin
'Abdul-Munzir as his deputy in Madinah and sent him on his way.
There were three battle flags in this army. One was held by Hadhrat Ali
Reaks, the second one was held by Mus'ab bin 'Umair Meals and the third by an
. رَضَِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Ansaari Sahaabi
As they drew closer to a place called Safraa, Rasulullah chef despatched
Basbas bin 'Amr Juhani Meals and 'Adi bin Abi Zaghbaa Juhani deduke, as forward
scouts to spy on Abu Sufyaan's trade caravan.
In the meantime, Damdam Ghifaari landed in Makkah with Abu Sufyaan's
message warning the people of Makkah that their caravan was under imminent

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threat of attack. "Hurry", he urged the people of Makkah, "run and save your
property."
The moment this news reached the people of Makkah, the entire city was
thrown into a state of riotous uproar because not a single man, woman and child
remained in Makkah who did not inject capital into this trade caravan. Threatened
by the loss of their capital, the citizens of Makkah were gripped by a state of frantic
enthusiasm. A thousand fully equipped men were rapidly deployed and they
subsequently set out to engage this threat. Abu Jahal was the commander of this
force.
Fully laden with appliances of fun and amusement and accompanied by
singing women, drums, tambourines and other musical instruments, the Quraysh
puffed up with arrogance, emerged from Makkah with all their splendour and
glory, as Allah Ta'ala depicts:
وَلَا تَكُوْنُوا كَالَّذِيْنَ خَرَجُوْا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ بَطَرًّا وَّ رِئَآ ءَ النَّاسِ
"Do not resemble those who emerged from their homes conceitedly and flaunting
(their splendour) before people." [Surah Anfaal verse 47]
Almost all the chieftains of the Quraysh participated in this campaign. Only Abu
Lahab, for some reason, was unable to join the expedition. He sent Abu Jahal's
brother, 'Aas bin Hishaam in his place instead.
'Aas bin Hishaam was in debt to Abu Lahab to the sum of four thousand
dirhams. Due to his poverty-stricken circumstances, he was unable to repay this
debt. Under pressure of this debt, he agreed to go to battle on behalf of Abu Lahab.
Similarly, Umayyah bin Khalaf declined to participate in Badr but with the
insistence and intimidation of Abu Jahal, he ultimately relented and joined them.
The background to his initial refusal to join the expedition is that S'ad bin
Mu'aaz Ansaari Meals was a close friend to Umayyah bin Khalaf during the pre-
Islamic days of ignorance. When Umayyah would travel to Syria on business, he
would stay over in Madinah at S'ad bin Mu'aaz's deathss house and when S'ad bin
Mu'aaz deals would come to Makkah, he would put up at Umayyah's house.
On one occasion, after the Hijrah of Rasulullah Uclea, S'ad bin Mu'aaz
xxl decided to perform Umrah. He came to Makkah and as was his previous
routine, he stayed over with Umayyah. As he settled down, S'ad bin Mu'aaz Kedulss
requested Umayyah to take him to the Haram for Tawaaf at a time when the
Haram was empty, in other words, when the Haram was relatively quiet and
uncrowded. Umayyah took S'ad Medthe to the Haram towards the early afternoon.
As he was busy in Tawaaf, Abu Jahal appeared before them demanding: "O Abu
Safwaan! (This was the title of Umayyah) Who is this person with you?" "This is
S'ad Real," replied Umayyah. Abu Jahal snapped: "I see that this person is
performing his Tawaaf with such ease and comfort. Why do you provide assistance

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صَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ Seeratul Mustafa
and refuge to such irreligious people?" Addressing S'ad bin Mu'aaz xeals, Abu
Jahal warned: "O S'ad deals! I swear by Allah, that if Abu Safwaan (Umayyah)
was not with you, you would not have returned safely from here." To this, S'ad
deals stridently retorted: "If you prevent me from performing Tawaaf, by Allah, I
will ensure that your access through Madinah to Syria is curtailed."
Umayyah said to S'ad deal: "Do not raise your voice before Abul-Hakam
(Abu Jahal). He is the chief of this valley."
Furiously, S'ad deals shot back: "O Umayyah! Let it be. I heard Rasulullah
Lycka predicting that you would be slain at the hands of his companions."
Umayyah anxiously asked: "Will I be killed in Makkah?" S'ad Meals replied: "I
have no idea of the exact location you will be put to death."
On hearing this, Umayyah was thrown into overwhelming panic and
foreboding. He scuttled to his wife Umme Safwaan and narrated the incident to
her. According to another narration, Umayyah said: "By Allah! Muhammad never
speaks a lie." He was so terrified of this forewarning that he almost wet his pants.
He was gripped with such fear that he resolved never to leave the boundaries
of Makkah. So when Abu Jahal bade the people to participate in the expedition of
Badr, he was awfully reluctant to go. He was terrified of losing his life in this
battle.
However, Abu Jahal insisted that he join the campaign. When Abu Jahal
noticed his reluctance, he pleaded with him: "You are one of the leaders. If you are
unwilling to join in this campaign, the masses will also follow suit and they too
would be reluctant to join us."
Anyway, Abu Jahal persisted and continued pressurising Umayyah. He
ultimately persuaded him by pledging to him: "O Abu Safwaan! I will purchase a
graceful and fast horse especially for you. (The moment you feel threatened you
can mount it and return home.)" This finally swung his reluctance to strained
agreement. He then went home and requested his wife to make his preparations for
this journey. His wife pleaded with him: "O Abu Safwaan! Do you not recall the
forewarning of your Yathrabi (Madani) brother?" He replied: "Yes, I intend to travel
just a bit out of Makkah and return home."
Anyway, Umayyah set out with this intention and wherever the caravan
halted, he would keep his camel close at hand but destiny did not allow him a
chance to escape. He somehow landed in Badr and was slain at the hands of the
. رَضَِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُم Sahaabah
In short, Umayyah was convinced of his impending doom but under pressure
from Abu Jahal, he grudgingly agreed to join them. Abu Jahal destroyed himself
and destroyed others as well. "They made their people dwell in the abode of
destruction; Hell, in which they will burn and what a dreadful abode it is."

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Mashwarah with the Sahaabah peaky and their Staunchly
Devoted Discourses
As Rasulullah ◌َصَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم left Rawhaa and reached Safraa, Basbas ◌ُرَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْه and 'Adi
deals turned up with news that the Quraysh were on their way. Rasulullah
gateau assembled all the Muhajireen and Ansaar for a consultation. Resulullah
Lista alerted them about the departure of the well-equipped army of the
Quraysh. The moment Abu Bakr Meals heard this, he swiftly got to his feet and
gracefully expressed his devoted allegiance to Resulullah Atgalauf. He
enthusiastically subscribed to the hints of Rasulullah kauf with all his heart
and soul and pushed himself to comply with the wishes of Rasulullah La.
Thereafter, Umar Medhe stood up and he too brilliantly expressed his enthusiasm to
sacrifice his life for this cause.
Selfless sermon of Miqdaad bin Aswad deals
Thereafter, Miqdaad bin Aswad xeals got to his feet and submitted:
امض لما امرك الله (تعالى) فنحن معك والله لا نقول كما قالت بنو
اسرائيل لموسى اذهب انت وربك فقاتلا انا ههنا قاعدون ولكن
اذهب انت وربك فقاتلا انا معكما مقاتلون
"O Rasulullah Lyckžijí ! Go ahead and accomplish what you have been divinely
instructed to do. We are with you all the way. By Allah! We will never be like the
Jews who told Musa ALJiaale: 'You and your Lord go to engage the enemy whilst we
take a seat here.' (We on the contrary pledge to you): 'You and your lord go and
engage the enemy and we will fight side by side with you.""
The narrator of this Hadith, Hadhrat 'Abdullah bin Mas'ood Meals relates: "(Upon
this pledge) I noticed Resulullah's gateau blessed countenance glowing in
delight."
Rasulullah Uckauf made a special dua for the welfare of Hadhrat Miqdaad
. رَضِىَ اللهُعَنْهُ
Abu Ayyub Ansaari Meals narrates: "We were in Madinah when Rasulullah
LigaTus notified us about the trade caravan of Abu Sufyaan and company,
saying: 'If you advance towards this caravan, it would not be surprising if Allah
Ta'ala awards you with the spoils of war.' To this we commented: 'Very well,' and

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صَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ Seeratul Mustafa
we set out. One or two days into our journey, Rasulullah ◌َصَلَّاللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم informed us
about the departure of the Quraysh from Makkah. He also petitioned us to prepare
ourselves for imminent battle. Some of us were a bit hesitant (because they did not
leave home with the intention of engaging in hostilities). At that moment, Hadhrat
Miqdaad Meals got to his feet and conveyed his selfless commitment to Rasulullah
If only all of us could express the same spirit of selflessness like.صَلَّاللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
". رَضَِّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ Miqdaad
On this occasion the Sahaabah رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُم vowed:
لا نقول كما قالت بنو اسرائيل ولكن انطلقا انت وربك فقاتلا انا
معكما مقاتلون
"We will not say what the Jews said but go, you and your Lord and we will fight
alongside you."
In spite of these adequate assurances, Rasulullah Ucla once again, for a third
: رَضَ اللهُ عَنْهُم time, asked the Sahaabah
اشيروا عَلَّ ايها الناس
"O people! What is your opinion? Give me your Mashwarah."
The leader of the Ansaar S'ad bin Mu'aaz deals promptly understood what
Rasulullah Usclaus, the most eloquent of the Arabs and non-Arabs, was trying to
say. He instantly submitted: "O Rasulullah ◌َصَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم! Perhaps your speech is
directed to the Ansaar?" Rasulullah ◌َصَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم replied in the affirmative.
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ The Valiant Speech of Sad bin Mu'aaz
Upon this, Hadhrat S'ad bin Mu'aaz Meals passionately declared:
يا رسول الله قد امنا بك وصدقناك وشهدنا ان ما جئت به هو الحق
واعطيناك على ذالك عهودا وموا ثيق على السمع والطاعة ولعلك یا
رسول الله خرجت لامر فاحدث الله غیره فامض لما شئت وصل
حبال من شئت واقطع حبال من شئت وسالم من شئت وعاد من
شئت وخذ من اموالنا ما شئت واعطنا ما شئت وما أخذت منا كان

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احب الينا مما تركت وما امرت به من امرنا فامرنا تبع لامرك لئن
سرت حتی تاتى برك الغماد لنسیرن معك فوالذي بعثك بالحق لو
استعرضت بنا هذا البحر لخضناه وما تخلف منا رجل واحد وما
نكره ان نلقى عدونا انا لصبر عندالحرب صدق عنداللقاء ولعل
الله يريك منا ما تقربه عينك فسربنا على بركة الله
"O Rasulullah Labai! We affirmed our faith in you, we believe in you, we bear
testimony to the fact that whatever you came with is the truth and upon this we had
wholeheartedly pledged our absolute submission. O Rasulullah ,kání! Perhaps
you emerged from Madinah with a specific purpose but Allah has brought about
something else. So proceed as you deem fit. You may maintain ties with whom you
wish and you may sever ties with whomsoever you wish. You may enter into a peace
agreement with whom you wish and you may engage in hostilities with whom you
wish. We are with you all the way. You may take from our wealth whatever you
please and you may bestow upon us whatever you please. Whatever you take from
our wealth would be dearer to us than what you would leave behind, and whatever
you charge us to do we will unquestionably abide by it. If you bid us to set off for
Barkul-Ghamaad with you, we will eagerly accompany you. I swear by the Being
Who has deputed you with the truth, if you direct us to leap into the ocean we
would eagerly hurl ourselves into it and not one of us would be left behind. We do
not detest confronting the enemy. Yes, during the heat of battle we are tolerant and
we are committed to meet the enemy head-on. We hope Allah Ta'ala will exhibit
something of ours that would bring about the coolness of your eyes. So, in the name
of Allah, take us along with you."
Listening to these selfless words of sacrifice of these Sahaabah Peaks brought
great joy to Rasulullah Ucleafs. He proclaimed: "Come on. Let us depart in the
name of Allah and many glad tidings for you. Allah Ta'ala had promised me that
He would grant me victory over one of the two parties; either the party of Abu
Jahal or the party of Abu Sufyaan."
He revealed further: "I was also shown the location of where the disbelievers
will fall in defeat. I was shown that this is where so and so will fall slain and this is
where so and so will perish."
Allah Ta'ala says:

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صَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ Seeratul Mustafa
وَ إِذْ يَعِدُ كُمُ اللهُ إِحْدَى الطَّآْ بِقَتَيْنِ اَنَّهَا لَكُمْ وَتَوَدُّوْنَ أَنَّ غَيْرَ ذَاتِ الشَّوْكَةِ تَكُوْنُ لَكُمْ وَيُرِيْدُ
اللهُ أَنْ يُحِقَّ الْحَقَّ بِكَلِمُتِهِ وَيَقْطَعَ دَابِرَ الْكُفِرِ يْنَ
"And remember when Allah promised you one of the two parties (of the enemies i.e.
either the caravan or the enemy) that it would be yours and you wished that the
unarmed party (the caravan) be yours but Allah willed to justify the truth by His
words and to cut off the roots of the disbelievers." [Surah Anfaal verse 7]
Dream of Aatikah bint 'Abdul Muttalib
Whilst Rasulullah ◌َصَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم was busy informing the Sahaabah رَضِ اللَّهُ عَنْهُم about the
revelation regarding the locations of the disbelievers dropping in defeat, there in
Makkah, even before Damdam Ghifaari could reach Makkah (forewarning the
disbelievers about the impending doom), Rasulullah's Lf aunty (father's
sister) Aatikah bint 'Abdul-Muttalib saw a dream.
She dreamt that a person mounted on a camel appeared, made his camel sit in
the valley of Bathaa and yelled:
انفروا يا آل غدر لمصارعكم فى ثلاث
"O people of deception! Head off towards the locations in which you are doomed to
fall in defeat within three days."
A number of people then gathered around this man. Holding onto his camel, this
man then proceeded to the Masjidul-Haraam where he delivered the same
proclamation. He then ascended the mountain of Abu Qubais from where he
hurled a gigantic boulder. As the boulder landed at the foot of the mountain it
shattered into smithereens and not a single house in Makkah was spared but a
smidgen of this rock filtered through it.
Aatikah narrated this dream to her brother 'Abbaas adding: "Brother! By
Allah, I have seen such a dream that I dread a horrendous calamity is to befall your
people. Listen, I beg of you not to narrate this dream to anyone else."
When 'Abbaas left home, he narrated this dream to his friend Waleed bin
'Utbah and stressed upon him not to relate this dream to anyone else but Waleed
related this dream word for word to his father 'Utbah. In this manner, news of this
dream spread to the whole city of Makkah.
A few days later, when 'Abbaas entered the Masjidul-Haraam, he caught sight
of Abu Jahal sitting in the company of a group of people. The moment Abu Jahal
noticed 'Abbaas entering the Masjid, he sneered: "Abul-Fadl ('Abbaas)! All along
your men were claiming prophethood. Now even your womenfolk are laying claim
to it!"