Indexed OCR Text

Appendix I
867
Glossary
Hilâb
.A kind of scent (حلاب) :
Hima
.A private pasture (الحمى) :
Himyân
: (¿) A kind of belt, part of which serves as a purse to
keep money in it.
Hinna
: (+Li_JI) (Henna) A kind of plant used for dyeing hair etc.
Hiqqah
.A three-year-old she-camel (الحقة):
Hirâ'
: ((!)-JI) A well-known cave in a mountain near Makkah.
Hubal
: (Ja) The name of an idol in the Ka'bah in the Pre-Islamic Period
of Ignorance.
Hublâ
.A kind of desert tree (الحبلى) :
Hudâ
: (la JI) Chanting of camel-drivers keeping time of camel's
walk.
Al-Hudaibiyah
A well-known place about 16 kilometers from (الحديبية) :
Makkah on the way to Jeddah. At this place a treaty was
made in 6 H. between the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and the
Quraish who stopped him and his Companions from
performing 'Umrah.
Hudûd
Plural of Hadd) Allah's boundary limits for Halal) (الحدود) :
(lawful) and Harâm (unlawful).
Hujrah
.Courtyard or a room (الحجرة) :
Hukm
: (≤JI) A judgement of legal decision (especially of Allâh)
Hums
: (>) The tribe of Quraish, their offspring and their allies
were called Hums. This word implies enthusiasm and
strictness. The Hums used to say, "We are the people of
Allâh and we shall not go out of the sanctuary of Makkah."
They thought themselves superior to the other people.
Hunain
: (JI) A valley between Makkah and Ta'if where the
battle took place between the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and
Quraish pagans.
Hûr
: (, JI) Very fair females created by Allâh as such not from
the offspring of Adam, with intense black irises of their
eyes and intense white scleras. [For details see the book
Hâdi Al-Arwah by Ibn Al-Qaiyim, Chapter 54, Page 147].
‘Îd-al-Adha
The four days' festival of Muslims starting on (عيد الأضحى):
the tenth day of Dhul-Hijjah (month).
‘Îd-al-Fitr
:
The three days' festival of Muslims starting from (عيد الفطر)

Appendix I
868
Glossary
the first day of Shawwal, the month that follows Ramadan.
Fitr literally means 'breaking the Saum (fast).' Muslims
observe Saum (fast) the whole of Ramadan, the ninth month
of the Islamic calendar and when Shawwal comes, they
break their Saum (fast) .
'Iddah
: (84 JI) Allâh's prescribed waiting period for a woman after
divorce or death of her husband, after the expiry of which
she can remarry another person. (See the Qur'an, Sûrah 65).
Idhkhir
: (+3yI) It is a kind of grass which is used in the process of
melting of the metals. The same is laid down on the roofs
and floors of houses, and is also used in spreading in the
graves.
Iftâr
Al-Ihdâd
Ihrâm
: (lbsyl) The opposite of Saum (fasting), (breaking the fast).
: (slayt) Mourning for a deceased husband.
: ( l) >yl) A state in which one is prohibited to practise
certain deeds that are lawful at other times. The duties of
'Umrah and Hajj are performed during such state. When
one assumes this state, the first thing one should do is to
express mentally and orally one's intention to assume this
state for the purpose of performing Hajj or 'Umrah. Then
Talbiyah is recited, two sheets of unstitched clothes are the
only clothes one wears, (1) Izâr: worn below one's waist;
and the other (2) Rida' : worn round the upper part of the
body.
Ihsân
,The highest level of deeds and worship (الإحسان) :
(perfection i.e. when you worship Allâh or do deeds,
consider yourself as if you see Him and if you cannot
achieve this feeling or attitude, then you must bear in mind
that He sees you).
Al-Ihtibâ'
: ((LayI) A sitting posture, putting one's arms around one's
legs while sitting on the hips.
Îlâ'
: (.)I) The oath taken by a husband that he would not
approach his wife for a certain period.
.Jerusalem (إيلياء) :
Îliyâ
Imâm
: (Ly) The person who leads others in the Salât (prayer) or
the Muslim caliph (or ruler).
Imân
.Faith, Belief (الإيمان)

Appendix I
869
Glossary
‘Înah
: (LJl) A kind of transaction. One form of it is that if a
person asks someone to lend him a certain amount of
money, he refuses the money in cash, but instead offers him
an article at a higher price than his demand of the required
money, and later on buys the same article from him at a less
price i.e., equal to the money he wants. In this way he
makes him indebted for the difference. It shows that two
things are the causes of Muslim disgrace - one is giving
up of Jihad and the second is fraud and swindling.
Iqâmah
: (Lb)) The wording of Adhan is reduced so that the
wording that is repeated twice in the Adhân is said once in
Iqâmah, except the last phrase of Allâhu Akbar, and the
prayer is offered immediately after the Iqâmah.
Iqamat-as-Salat :(إقامة الصلاة) The performing of As-Salat (the prayers). This
is not understood by many Muslims. It means:
(A) Every Muslim, male or female, is obliged to offer his
Salât (prayer) regularly five times a day at the specified
times; the male in the mosque in congregation and the
female at home. As the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم has said:
"Order your children to offer Salât (prayers) at the age of
seven and beat them (about it) at the age of ten". The chief
(of a family, town, tribe, etc.) and the Muslim ruler of a
country are held responsible before Allâh in case of non-
fulfillment of this obligation by the Muslims under his
authority.
(B) To perform the Salât (prayer) in a way just as Prophet
Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم used to perform it with all its rules
and regulations, i.e. standing, bowing, prostrating, sitting
etc. as he صلى الله عليه وسلم has said: "Perform your Salat
(prayer) the way you see me performing it." [Original
Sahih Al-Bukhari Vol.9 Hadîth No.352] Please see Ahâdith
Nos. 702, 703, 704, 723, 786, 787 Vol. 1, Sahih Al-Bukhâri
for the Prophet's way of offering Salât (prayer), in the
Book of Characteristics of the Salât (prayer) and that the
Salât (prayer) begins with Takbîr (Allâhu-Akbar) with the
recitation of Surat Al-Fatihah etc. along with its various
postures, standing, bowing, prostrations, sitting etc. and it
ends with Taslim.
: (·LaJI) Late evening Salât (prayer). Its time starts about one
'Ishâ'

Appendix I
870
Glossary
and a half hour after sunset, till the middle of the night.
.(Thick Dibaj (pure silk cloth (استبرق) :
Istabraq
Istihâdah
Any bleeding from the womb of a woman in (الاستحاضة)
between her normal periods. (See Sahîh Al-Bukhari, Vol. 1,
Hadîth No. 303 and Chapter No. 10, Page No. 183).
Istikhârah
: (8,GLYI) A Salât (prayer) consisting of two Rak'ah in
which the praying person appeals to Allâh to guide him on
the right way, regarding a certain matter he wants to
undertake. (See Hadîth No. 263, Vol. 2, Hadîth No.391,
Vol. 8, Hadîth No. 487, Vol. 9, Sahih Al-Bukhari).
Istisqâ'
: ((WayI) A Salât (prayer) consisting of two Rak'ah,
invoking Allâh for rain in seasons of drought,
I‘tikâf
: (LSicyI) Seclusion in a mosque for the purpose of
worshipping Allâh only. The one in such a state should not
have sexual relations with his wife, and one is not allowed
to leave the mosque except for a very short period, and that
is only for very urgent necessity e.g. answering the call of
nature or joining a funeral procession etc.
Izâr
: (l;yI) A sheet worn below the waist to cover the lower-half
of the body.
Jadha'ah
Jahannam
Jâhiliya
.A four-year-old she-camel (الجذعة) :
.Hell-fire (جهنم) :
i) Ignorance belonging to the period before the) (الجاهلية) :
advent of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم . (ii) Un-Islamic practices
which either existed or were inherited from the era before the
. صلى الله عليه وسلم advent of the Prophet
Jalsat-ul-
Istirâhah
The brief sitting between rising up from a (جلسة الاستراحة) :
prostration position to the standing position in a prayer.
Jam'
: (¿JI) Al-Muzdalifah, a well-known place near Makkah.
Jamrah
A small stone-built pillar in a walled place. There (الجمرة) :
are three Jamrahs situated at Mina. One of the ceremonies
of Hajj is to throw pebbles at these Jamrahs on the four
days of 'Îd-al-Adha at Mina.
Jamrat-al-
‘Aqabah
One of the three stone-built pillars situated at (جمرة العقبة)
: Mina. It is situated at the entrance of Mina from the
direction of Makkah.

Appendix I
871
Glossary
Janâbah
The state of a person after having sexual intercourse with (الجنابة) :
his wife or after having a sexual discharge in a wet dream. A
person in such a state should perform Ghus! (i.e. have a bath) or
do Tayammum, if a bath is not possible.
Janâzah
.Funeral (الجنائز Plural: Jana'iz) (الجنازة) :
Jannah
.Paradise (الجنة) :
Al-Ji'rânah
A place few kilometers from Makkah. The (الجعرانة):
Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم distributed the war booty of the battle
of Hunain there, and from there he assumed the state of
Ihrâm to perform 'Umrah.
Jihâd
: (LJI) Holy fighting in the Cause of Allah or any other
kind of effort to make Allah's Word (i.e. Islam) superior.
Jihâd is regarded as one of the fundamentals of Islâm. (See
the footnote of (V.2:190) The Noble Qur'an.
Jimâr
.Plural of Jamrah (الجمار) :
Jinn
: (¿ ¿ JI) A creation, created by Allâh from fire, like human
beings from dust, and angels from light.
Jizyah
Head tax imposed by Islam on all non-Muslims (الجزية) :
living under the protection of an Islamic government. [See
Sahîh Al-Bukhari, Vol. 4, Page No. 251, Chapter 21, and
Ahâdîth No. 384, 385 and 386.]
Al-Juhfah
.The Migat of the people of Sham (الجحفة) :
Jumu'ah
.Friday (الجمعة) :
Junub
.A person who is in a state of Janabah (الجنب) :
Jurhum
.Name of an Arab tribe (جرهم) :
Ka'bah
: (SI) A square stone building in Al-Masjid-al-Harâm (the
great mosque at Makkah) towards which all Muslims face
in Salât (prayer).
Kafâlah
: (UlJI) The pledge given by somebody to a creditor to
guarantee that the debtor will be present at a certain
specific place to pay his debt or fine, or to undergo a
punishment etc.
Kaffârah
Kâfir
: (B)lisJI) Making atonement for uttering or committing an unlawful
thing in Islam.
The one who disbelieves in .(الكفار Plural: Kuffar) (الكافر):
Allâh, His Messengers, all the angels, all the holy Books,

Appendix I
872
Glossary
Day of Resurrection and in the Al-Qadar (Divine
Preordainments).
Kanz
: (; < JI) Hoarded up gold, silver and money, the Zakat of
which has not been paid. (See the Qur'an V. 9:34).
Katm
: (SSJI) A plant used for dyeing hair.
Kauthar
.See Al-Kauthar (الكوثر) :
Al-Kauthar
: (4,5JI) A river in Paradise (see the Qur'an, Surah No.108).
Khaibar
: (+) An oasis and date-growing village, about 100
kilometers from Al-Madînah. During the Prophet's time, it
was inhabited by a Jewish tribe called Banu Nadîr. It was
conquered by the Muslims in 5 H.
Khalifah
Caliph, a successor, an (الخلفاء 'Plural: Khulafa) (الخليفة):
Islamic term used for the first four rulers after the death of
. صلى الله عليه وسلم the Prophet
Khalîl
: (JAGJI) The one whose love is mixed with one's heart and it
صلى الله عليه وسلم is superior to a friend or beloved. The Prophet
had only one Khalil, i.e. Allah, but he had many friends.
Khamîsah
.A black woollen square blanket with marks on it (الخميصة) :
Khamr
.Wine, Alcohol, intoxicant, etc (الخمر) :
Al-Khamsah
: (LGJl) The five compilers of Ahadith - Abu Dawud,
Nasâ'i, Tirmidhi, Ibn Mâjah,and Ahmad.
Kharâj
: (!) ;JI) Zakat imposed on the yield of the land ("/10th or
1/20th).
Khawârij
The people who dissented from the religion and (الخوارج) :
disagreed with the rest of the Muslims.
Khazîr or
Khazîrah
A special type of dish prepared from (الخزير، الخزيرة) :
barley-flour, meat-soup, fat etc.
Khilâfah
.i) Succession. (ii) Islamic leadership) (الخلافة):
Khimâr
: (LAJI) A piece of cloth with which a woman covers her
head and neck area.
Khuff
Khul'
.Leather socks (الخف) :
Khumrah
: (¿ ¿ JI) A kind of divorce in which a wife seeks divorce
from her husband by giving him a certain compensation, or
returning back the Mahr which he gave her.
: (8) ¿JI) A small mat just sufficient for the face and the
hands [on prostrating during Salât (prayers)].

Appendix I
873
Glossary
Khumus
: (JI) One-fifth of war booty given in Allah's Cause (The
Qur'ân, V.8:41).
Khushû‘
.Humility before Allah (الخشوع) :
Khusûf
.Lunar eclipse (الخسوف) :
Khutbah
.(Religious talk (sermon (الخطبة) :
Nikâh
Khutbat-un-
A speech delivered at the time of concluding (خطبة النكاح) :
the marriage contract.
Khuzâ‘ah
.Banu Khuza'ah, an Arabian tribe (الخزاعة) :
Kûfah
.A town in 'Iraq (الكوفة) :
Kufr
: ( JI) It is basically disbelief in any of the articles of
Islamic Faith and they are: to believe in Allah (God), His
angels, His Messengers, His revealed Books, the Day of
Resurrection, and Al-Qadar (i.e. Divine Preordainments
whatever Allâh has ordained must come to pass).
Kuhl
.Antimony eye powder (الكحل) :
Kunyah
: (,JI) Calling a man, 'O father of so-and-so!' or calling a
woman, 'O mother of so-and-so!' This is a custom of the
Arabs.
Kusûf
.Solar eclipse (الكسوف) :
Lâ ilâha illallâh:
(July! ! y) None has the right to be worshipped but Allâh.
Labbaika wa
sa'daika
I respond to your call and I am obedient to (لبيك وسعديك) :
your orders.
Lailat-ul-Qadr
One of the odd last ten nights of the month of (ليلة القدر):
Saum (fasting) (i.e. Ramadân), Allâh JUS describes it as
better than one thousand months, and the one who worships
Allâh during it by performing optional prayers and reciting
the Noble Qur'an, etc. will get a reward better than that of
worshipping Him for one thousand months (i.e. 83 years
and four months). [See the Qur'an Surat 97 (VV.97: 1-5)].
(See Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol. 3, Hadîth No. 231 and Chapter
No.2).
Well-known idols in Hijaz which used to be (اللات والعزى) :
worshipped during the Pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance.
Lât & 'Uzza
Li‘ân
: (¿LJI) An oath which is taken by both the wife and the
husband when the husband accuses his wife of committing
illegal sexual intercourse. (The Qur'an, Sûrat Nur,24

Appendix I
874
Glossary
:6,7,8,9,).
Luqatah
: (¿ ball) Article or a thing (a pouch or a purse tied with a
string) found by somebody other than the owner who has
lost it.
Ma'âfiri
.A type of garment of Yemen origin (معافري) :
Mâ shâ' Allâh
: ( 1 .Ls L.) An Arabic expression meaning literally, "What
Allâh wills," and it indicates a good omen.
Al-Madinah
: (Ldl) Well-known city in Saudi Arabia, where the
Prophet's mosque is situated. It was formerly called
Yathrib.
.A bad smelling gum (المغافير):
Maghâfir
Al-Maghâzi
: (s;LAll) Plural of Maghza, i.e. holy battle; or the place
where the battle took place; or the deeds and virtues of
Ghâzi (fighters in Allâh's Cause)
Maghrib
Mahr
.(Sunset, evening Salat (prayer (المغرب) :
: (-41) Bridal money given by the husband to the wife at the
time of marriage.
Mahram
.See Dhu-Mahram (المحرم) :
Makrûh
: (0))≤1I) Not approved of, undesirable from the point of view
of religion, although not punishable.
Mamlûk
.A male slave (المملوك) :
Manâsik
Al-Hajj
wal-'Umrah
;Acts connected with Hajj like Ihram (مناسك الحج والعمرة) :
Tawaf of the Ka'bah and Sa'y of As-Safa and Al-Marwah;
stay at 'Arafat, Muzdalifah and Mina; Ramy (throwing
pebbles) of Jamarat; slaughtering of Hady (animal) etc.
For details, see The Book of Hajj and 'Umrah, Sahih
Al-Bukhari, Vol.2-3.
Manîhah
A sort of gift in the form of (المنائر Plural:Mand'ih) (المنيحة) :
a she-camel or a sheep which is given to somebody
temporarily so that its milk may be used and then the
animal is returned to its owner.
عليه السلام (The stone on which Ibrahim (Abraham (مقام إبراهيم): Maqam Ibrahim
stood while he and Isma'îl (Ishmael) ,>JI we were building
the Ka'bah.
Maqâm-
Mahmûd
The highest place in Paradise, which will be (المقام المحمود) :
granted to Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم and none else.

Appendix I
875
Glossary
(See Hadîth No. 242, Vol.6, Sahih Al-Bukhari).
Al-Marwah
: (59) 11) A mountain in Makkah, neighbouring Al-Masjid-al-
Harâm.
Al-Mash'ar-
Al-Harâm
.See Muzdalifah (المشعر الحرام):
Al-Masîh-ad-
Dajjâl
Pseudo Messiah or Antichrist (see the (المسيح الدجال) :
footnote of V.6:158 the Qur'an and also Hadith No.649 and
650, Vol.4, Sahih Al-Bukhâri).
Al-Masjid-al-
Harâm
The most Sacred Mosque in Makkah. The (المسجد الحرام) :
Ka'bah is situated in it.
Al-Masjid-al-
.The most sacred mosque in Jerusalem (المسجد الأقصى)
Aqsa
Mathânî
:
: (LI) Oft repeated Verses of the Qur'an, and that is Sûrat
Al-Fatihah, recited repeatedly in the Salât (prayer).
Matras
: (.) A Persian word meaning "don't be afraid."
Maulâ
: (3;l) It has many meanings. Some are: a manumitted slave,
or a patron, protector, supporter, or master or the Rabb
[Lord (Allâh)].
Maulâya
: (s)}) My lord, my master (an expression used when a
slave addresses his master) (also used for freed slave).
Mauqúdhah
An animal beaten to death with a stick, a stone or (الموقوذة) :
the like without proper slaughtering.
Mawâlî
: (Jisli) Non-Arabs and originally former slaves.
Mayâthir
.Silk cushions (المياثر) :
Mi‘râj
to the صلى الله عليه وسلم The Ascent of the Prophet (المعراج):
heavens (by soul and body). (See Hadîth No. 345, Vol. 1,
Hadîth No. 429, Vol.4 and Hadîth No.227, Vol 5, Sahih
Al-Bukhari). [Also see (V.53:12) the Qur'ân]
Mihjan
: ( ¿- JI) A walking stick with a bent handle.
Mijanna
.A place at Makkah (المجنّة):
Mina
: (_) A pilgrimage place outside Makkah on the road to
'Arafat. It is eight kilometers away from Makkah and about
sixteen kilometers from 'Arafat.
Mîqât
One of the several places (المواقيت Plural: Mawaqit) (الميقات):
specified by the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم for the people to
assume Ihrâm at, on their way to Makkah, when intending

Appendix I
876
Glossary
to perform Hajj or 'Umrah.
Miswâk
.A tooth brush made of Arak-tree roots (المسواك) :
Mithqâl
: (JLatII) A special kind of weight (equals 42/7 grams approx.,
used for weighing gold). It may be less or more. [20
Mithqâl = 94 grams approx.]
Mu'arras
: (yll) A place nearer to Mina than Ash-Shajarah.
Mu'awwidhât
.(114) i.e. Surat Al-Falaq (113) and Surat An-Nas (المعوذات):
[The Qur'an].
Mu'takif
: (Kill) One who is in a state of I'tikâf.
Mu'adhdhin
: (65¿ 11) A call-maker who pronounces the Adhân loudly
calling people to come and perform the Salât (prayer).
Mu'allafat-
ul-Qulub
New Muslims who were given Sadaqah by the (مؤلفة القلوب) :
Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم to keep them firm in the fold of Islam.
Mubashshirât
,(10:64 .Glad tidings. [See the footnote of (V (المبشرات):
Sahîh Al-Bukhari, Vol. 9, Hadîth No. 119].
.Great destructive sins (الموبقات) :
Mûbiqât
Mudabbar
: (dl) A slave who is promised by his master to be
manumitted after the latter's death.
Mudd
: (Al) A measure of two-thirds of a kilogram (approx.) It may
be less or more.
Mufassal or
Mufassalât
The Surah starting from Qaf to the end of (المفصل، المفصلات):
the Noble Qur'an (i.e. from No. 50 to the end of the
Qur'ân, No. 114).
Muhâjir
: (>Lll) Anyone of the early Muslims who had migrated
from any place to Al-Madinah in the lifetime of the Prophet
before the conquest of Makkah and also the one صلى الله عليه وسلم
who emigrates for the sake of Allah and Islam and also the
one who quits all those things which Allâh has forbidden.
Muhâqala
:
( BLJI) It is selling un-harvested grain in the field with an
already harvested grain like wheat.
Muharram
:
(~JI) The first month of the Islamic calendar.
Al-Muhassab
: (_a~JI) A valley outside Makkah sometimes called Khaif
Banî Kinanah.
Muhkam
: ( ~~ JI) Qur'ânic Verses the contents of which are not
abrogated.
Muhrim
: (~JI) One who assumes the state of Ihrâm for the purpose

Appendix I
877
Glossary
of performing the Hajj or 'Umrah.
Muhrimah
:
.A female in the state of Ihram (المحرمة)
Muhsar
: (-a-JI) A Muhrim who intends to perform the Hajj or
'Umrah but cannot because of some obstacle.
Mujâhid
.Plural: Mujahidun) A Muslim fighter in Jihad) (المجاهد) :
Mujazziz
: (; JI) A Qa'if : a learned man who reads the foot and
hand marks.
Mujtahidûn
Independent religious scholars who do not (المجتهدون) :
follow religious opinions except with proof from the Qur'ân
and the Prophet's Sunnah.
Mukâtab
: (GLSII) A slave (male or female) who makes an agreement
with the master to pay a certain ransom for his (or her)
freedom.
Mukhadram
: (all) (Plural: Mukhadramun) A person who became a
Muslim during the Prophet's lifetime but did not see him.
Mulâ‘anah
.The act of performing Li'an (الملاعنة) :
Mulhidûn
.Heretics (الملحدون) :
Musallâ
.A praying place (المصلى) :
Mushrikûn
Polytheists, pagans, idolaters and disbelievers in (المشركون) :
the Oneness of Allah and His Messenger Muhammad 1.
.الله عليه وسلم
Mustahadah
A woman who has bleeding from the womb in (المستحاضة) :
between her normal periods.
Mut'ah
: (all) A temporary marriage which was allowed in the early
period of Islam when one was away from his home, but
later on it was cancelled (abrogated).
Mutafahhish
Mutashâbihât:
Qur'anic Verses which are not clear and are (المتشابهات)
difficult to understand.
.A person who conveys evil talk (المتفحش) :
Muttafag 'Alaih :(متفق عليه) Meaning 'Agreed upon'. The term is used for
such Ahadith which are found in both the collections of
Ahadith: Bukhari and Muslim.
Muttaqûn
: (, all) Pious and righteous persons who fear Allâh much
(abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has
forbidden) and love Allâh much (perform all kinds of good
deeds which He has ordained).

Appendix I
878
Glossary
Muwatta'
: (UJI) A Hadîth book compiled by Imam Malik bin Anas,
one of the four Fiqh Imâm.
Muzâbanah
: (L);ll) The sale of fresh dates for dried dates by measure, and
the sale of fresh grapes for dried grapes by measure. In both
cases the dried fruits are measured while the fresh ones are only
estimated as they are still on the trees.
Muzdalifah
A place between 'Arafat and Mina where the (المزدلفة) :
pilgrims while returning from 'Arafat, have to stop and stay
for the whole night or greater part of it (the night), between
the ninth and tenth of Dhul-Hijjah and to perform the
Maghrib and 'Ishâ' prayers (together) there.
Nahr
: ( -_ JI) (Literal: slaughtering of the camels only and is done
by cutting the carotid artery at the root of the neck); the day
of Nahr is the tenth of Dhul-Hijjah on which pilgrims
slaughter their sacrificial animals.
An-Najâshi
- (Title for the) king of Ethiopia (Abyssinia) (النجاشى):
Negus.
An-Najsh
: (All) A trick (of offering a very high price) for something
without the intention of buying it but just to allure and cheat
somebody else who really wants to buy it although it is not
worth such a high price.
An-Najwâ
The private talk between Allah and each of His (النجوى) :
slaves on the Day of Resurrection. It also means a secret
counsel or conference or consultation. [See the Qur'an
(VV.58: 7-13), and also see the footnote of (V.11:18)].(See
Sahîh Al-Bukhari, Vol.3, Hadîth No. 621).
Naqîb
: (Al) A person heading a group of six persons in an
expedition; a tribal chief.
Nash
: (All) A measure of weight equal to 1/2 Uqiyah (64 grams
approximately).
Nawâfil
Plural of Nafila) Optional practice of worship in) (النوافل) :
contrast to obligatory (Faridah).
Nikâh
: (¿il) Marriage (wedlock) according to Islamic law.
Nisâb
Minimum amount of property liable to payment of (النصاب) :
the Zakât e.g. Nisâb of gold is twenty (20) Mithqâl i.e.
approx. 94 grams; Nisâb of silver is two hundred (200)
dirhams, i.e. approx. 640 grams; Nisâb of food-grains and

Appendix I
879
Glossary
fruit is 5 Awsuq i.e. 673.5 kgms. Nisâb of camels is 5
camels; Nisâb of cows is 5 cows; and Nisâb of sheep is 40
sheep.
Nûn
Nusub
.Fish (نون) :
: ( __ Jl) (Singular of Ansâb). An-Nusub were stone alters at
fixed places or graves, etc., whereon sacrifices were offered
during fixed periods of occasions and seasons in the name
of idols, jinn, angels, pious men, saints, in order to honour
them, or to expect some benefit from them.
Qadar
.Divine Preordainment (القدر):
Qâdi
.A Muslim judge (القاضي):
Qalîb
Qâri'
.A well (القليب) :
: (+5,laJl) Early Muslim religious scholars were called Qurrâ'
(plural of Qâri' - this word is also used for a person who
knows the Qur'an by heart). The plural is Qurra'. The
Qurrâ' were teachers of the early Muslims.
Qârin
.One who performs Hajj-al-Qiran (القارن) :
Qarn-al-Manâzil:
The Migat of the people of Najd. It is situated (قرن المنازل)
on the way to Makkah. (Now it is known as As-Sail-al-
Kabeer)
Qasab
: (_adl) Pipes made of gold, pearls and other precious
stones.
Qatîfa
:
.Thick soft cloth (القطيفة)
Qattât
: (_Ldl) A person who conveys information from someone
to another with the intention of causing harm and enmity
between them. (Sahîh Al-Bukhari, Vol. 8, Hadîth No.82).
Qiblah
: (Ldl) The direction towards all Muslims face in Salât
(prayers) and that direction is towards the Ka'bah in
Makkah (Saudi Arabia).
Qîl wa Qâl
.(.Sinful, useless talk (e.g. backbiting, lies, etc (قيل وقال) :
Qintâr
: (UdJI) A weight-measure for food-grains, etc., e.g. wheat,
maize, oat, barley.
Qîrât
: (bl). all) A special weight; sometimes a very great weight
like Uhud mountain. 1 Qîrat = 1/2 Dâniq & 1 Dâniq = 1/6
Dirham.
Al-Qisâs
: (.Laäll) Laws of equality in punishment for wounds etc. in

Appendix I
880
Glossary
retaliation.
Qissî
: (I) A kind of cloth containing silk; some say it is called
so because it is manufactured in Egypt at a place called
Qiss.
Qithâm
: (,LtdI) A plant disease which causes fruit to fall before
ripening.
Qiyâm
: ( Ll) The standing posture in Salât (prayer).
Qiyâs
: (Ldl) Verdicts and judgements given by the Islamic
religious scholars. These are given on the following proofs
respectively :- (A) From the Qur'an; (B) From the Prophet's
Sunnah. (C) From the unanimously accepted verdict of the
Mujtahidun; (D) Qiyâs: i.e. the verdict given by a Mujtahid
who considered the case similar in comparison with a case
judged by the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم. Qiyas is not to be
practised except if the judgement of the case is not found in
the first three above mentioned proofs, A, B and C.
Qubâ'
: (.L,dl) A place on the outskirts of Al-Madinah. The Prophet
established a mosque there, which bears the صلى الله عليه وسلم
same name. A visit to that mosque on Saturday forenoon
and offering a two Rak 'ah Salât (prayer) is regarded as a
performance of 'Umrah in reward according to the
Prophet's saying.
Qumqum
Qunût
.A narrow - headed vessel (قمقم) :
.(An invocation in the Salat (prayer (القنوت):
Quraish
-One of the greatest tribes in Arabia in the Pre (القريش) :
Islamic Period of Ignorance. Prophet Muhammad al.
, 4 belonged to this tribe, which had great powers
spiritually and financially both before and after Islâm
came.
Quraishi
A person belonging to the Quraish (well-known (القريشى) :
Arab) tribe.
Rabb
: (+)I) There is no proper equivalent for Rabb in English
language. It means the One and the Only Lord for all the
universe, its Creator, Owner, Organizer, Provider, Master,
Planner, Sustainer, Cherisher, and Giver of security. Rabb
is also one of the Names of Allah. We have used the word
"Lord" as nearest to Rabb. All occurances of "Lord"

Appendix I
881
Glossary
actually mean Rabb and should be understood as such ..
Rabbuka
: (!) Your Lord, Your Master.
Rabi '-ul-Awwal :(ربيع الأول) Third month of the Islamic calendar.
Râhilah
: (U-IJI) A she-camel used for riding. (Literally means: a
mount to ride).
Rahn
: (¿JI) According to Shari'ah, Ar-Rahn (mortgage) means
to give some property or belonging to a creditor as a
security for payment of a loan or debt.
Rayyân
: (¿LyI) The name of one of the gates of Paradise through
which the people who often observe Saum (fasts) will enter.
Rajab
: ()) The seventh month of the Islamic calendar.
Ar-Raj‘ah
: (LaJI) The bringing back of a wife by the husband after
the first or second divorce.
Ar-Rajm
: (JI) To stone to death those married persons who commit
the crime of illegal sexual intercourse.
Rak'ah
: (LSJI) The Salât (prayer) of Muslims consists of Rak'ât
(singular-Rak'ah, which is a unit of prayer and consists of
one standing, one bowing and two prostrations).
Ramadân
: (¿Là.) The month of observing Saum (fasts). It is the ninth
month of the Islamic calendar. In it the Noble Qur'an
started to be revealed to our Prophet , we al L. and in it
occurs the night of Qadr and in it also occurred the great
decisive battle of Badr.
Ramal
: (J-JI) Fast walking accompanied by the movements of the
arms and legs to show one's physical strength. This is to be
observed in the first three rounds of the Tawaf around the
Ka'bah, and is to be done by the men only and not by the
women.
Ramy
Riba
: (JI) The throwing of pebbles at the Jimar at Mina.
: (ŲJI) Usury, which is of two major kinds: (a) Riba Nasî'ah,
i.e. interest on lent money; (b) Riba Fadl, i.e. taking a
superior thing of the same kind of goods by giving more of
the same kind of goods of inferior quality, e.g., dates of
superior quality for dates of inferior quality in greater
amount. Islâm strictly forbids all kinds of usury.
Ridâ'
: (els,JI) A piece of cloth (sheet) worn around the upper part
I

Appendix I
882
Glossary
of the body.
Rikâz
Rûh-ullah
.Buried wealth (الركاز):
: (2017))) According to the early religious scholars from
among the Companions of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and their
students and the Mujtahidun, there is a rule to distinguish
between the two nouns in the genitive construction:
(A) When one of the two nouns is Allah, and the other is a
person or a thing, e.g., (i) Allâh's House (Bait-ullah
1 ), (ii) Allâh's Messenger; (iii) Allâh's slave
(روح اللّه iv) Allah's spirit (Ruh-ullah) ; (عبدا لله Abdullah')
etc.
The rule of the above words is that the second noun, e.g.,
House, Messenger, slave, spirit, etc. is created by Allâh and
is honourable with Him and similarly Allah's spirit may be
understood as the spirit of Allâh, in fact, it is a soul created
by Allâh, i.e. 'Îsâ (Jesus), and it was His Word: "Be!" -
and he was created (like the creation of Adam).
(B) But when one of the two is Allâh and the second is
neither a person nor a thing, then it is not a created thing
but is a quality of Allâh, e.g., (i) Allâh's Knowledge
;(حياة اللّه ii) Allah's Life (Hayatullah); (علم اللّه Ilmullah')
(iii) Allâh's Statement (Kalâmullâh & | p)S ); (iv) Allâh's
Self (Dhatullah ذات الله )etc.
Ruqba
: (5) It is the house which is gifted to someone for lifetime
only to live at, and not as a belonging.
Ar-Ruqyah
: (19JI) Divine Speech recited as a means of curing disease.
(It is a kind of treatment, i.e. to recite Sûrat Al-Fatihah or
any other Surah of the Qur'an and then blow one's breath
with saliva over a sick person's body-part).
Sâ‘
Sa'dân
Sa'y
: (¿LaJl) A measure that equals four Mudd (3 kg. approx).
: (¿hall) A thorny plant suitable for grazing animals.
: ( __ JI) The going for seven times between the mountains of
As-Safâ and Al-Marwah in Makkah during the performance
of Hajj and 'Umrah.
As-Sâ'ibah
: (WLJI) A she-camel which used to be let loose for free
pastures in the name of idols, gods, and false deities. (See
the Noble Qur'an V.5:103).

Appendix I
883
Glossary
Sab'a-al-
The seven repeatedly recited Verses i.e. Surat (سبع المثانى)
Al-Fatihah. [See the Noble Qur'an (V.15:87)]
Mathânî
As-Sab 'ah
: ( __ JI) The seven compilers of Ahadith - Bukhari,
Muslim, Abû Dâwûd, Nasâ'i, Tirmidhi, Ibn Mâjah, and
Ahmad.
Sabâhâh
: (L.) An exclamation indicating an appeal for help.
Sâbi'ûn
A people who lived in 'Iraq and used to say La (الصابئون) :
ilâha illallâh (none has the right to be worshipped but
Allâh) and used to read Az-Zabur (the Psalms of the
Sâbi'ûn) and they were neither Jews nor Christians.
Sadaqah
.Anything given in charity (الصدقة) :
Safa and Marwah :
Two mountains at Makkah neighbouring (الصفا والمروة)
Al-Masjid-al-Harâm (the sacred mosque) to the east. One
who performs 'Umrah and Hajj should walk seven times
between these two mountains and that is called Sa'y.
Sahbâ'
Sahîhân
.A place near Khaibar (صهباء) :
The two Hadith books of Imam Bukhari and (الصحيحان) :
Muslim.
Sahûr
: ( ___ JI) A meal taken at night before the Fajr (morning)
prayer by a person observing Saum (fast).
Sahw
: (++-JI) Forgetting (here it means forgetting how many
Rak'at a person has prayed in which case he should
perform two prostrations of Sahw).
Sakînah
Salab
.Tranquillity, calmness, peace and reassurance (السكينة) :
: (.JI) Belongings (arms, horse, etc.) of a deceased warrior
killed in a battle.
As-Salât
.See Iqamat-as-Salat (الصلاة) :
Sami' Allâhu
.Allah hears him who praises Him (سمع الله لمن حمده) :
liman hamidah
Samur
.A kind of tree (السمر) :
Sarif
: (_) A place about ten kilometers away from Makkah.
Sariyyah
صلى الله عليه وسلم A small army-unit sent by the Prophet (السرية) :
for Jihâd, without his participation in it.
As-Saum
: (pg-Jl) The fasting i.e., to not to eat or drink or have sexual
relations
from before the Adhan of the Fajr (early
morning) prayer till the sunset.

Appendix I
884
Glossary
Sawîq
: (5,-JI) A kind of mash made of powdered roasted wheat or
barley grain (also with sugar and dates).
Sha ‘bân
: (¿ls) The eighth month of the Islamic calendar.
Ash-Shahâdah
:
i) Testimony of Faith. (ii) "None has the right to) (الشهادة)
be worshipped but Allah, and Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم is
the Messenger of Allâh."
Shawwâl
: (Jis) The tenth month of the Islamic calendar.
Shighâr
: (l_JI) A type of marriage in which persons exchange their
daughters or sisters in marriage without Mahr.
Ash-Shiqâq
: (sla NJI) Difference between husband and wife or any two
persons.
Shirk
Polytheism and it is to worship others along with (الشرك) :
Allâh.
.Pre-emption (الشفعة) :
Shuf'ah
Siddîq and
Those followers of the Prophets who were (الصديق والصديقون) :
Siddîqûn
first and foremost to believe in them (See the Qur'an,
V.4:69).
Sidr
.(Lote tree (or Nibiq tree (السدر):
Sidrat-ul-
A Nabiq tree over the seventh heaven near the (سدرة المنتهى) :
Paradise (the lote tree of the utmost boundary)
Muntaha
Siffin (battle of) : (.) A battle that took place at Siffin between 'Alî's
followers and Mu'awiyah's followers after the killing of
.رضى الله عنه Uthman'
As-Sihah
As-Sittah
The six books of Ahadith: compiled by (الصحاح الستة):
Bukhari, Muslim, Abû Dâwûd, Nasâ'i, Tirmidhi and Ibn
Mâjah.
As-Sirât
: (bl) l) Sirât originally means 'a road'; it also means the
bridge that will be laid across Hell-fire for the people to
pass over on the Day of Judgement. It is described as
sharper than a sword and thinner than a hair. It will have
hooks over it to snatch the people.
As-Sittah
: (_JI) The six compilers of Ahadith - Bukhari, Muslim,
Abû Dâwûd,
Nasâ'i, Tirmidhi, Ibn Mâjah; and their six collections are
called Sihah Sittah.
Subhân Allâh
.Glorified is Allah (سبحان الله):

Appendix I
885
Glossary
Sundus
.A kind of silk cloth (السندس) :
Sunnah
: (_JI) The legal way or ways, orders, acts of worship and
statements of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم ,that have become
models to be followed by the Muslims.
Sutrah
: (5)auJl) An object like a pillar, wall or stick, a spear etc., the
height of which should not be less than a foot and it should
be in front of a person offering Salât (prayer) to act as a
symbolical barrier between him and the others.
Tâ'if
: (UJI) A well-known town near Makkah.
Tâbah
: (¿LJI) Another name for Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah.
Tâbi‘i
One who has met or accompanied any Companion (التابعى) :
. صلى الله عليه وسلم of the Prophet
Tabúk
: (",) A well-known town about 700 kilometers north of
Al-Madînah.
Tâghût
The word Taghut covers a wide range of (الطاغوت) :
meanings: it means anything worshipped other than the
Real God (Allâh), i.e. all the false deities. It may be Satan,
devils, idols, stones, sun, stars, angels, human beings e.g.
Messengers of Allâh, who were falsely worshipped and
taken as Tâghût. Likewise saints, graves, rulers, leaders, are
falsely worshipped, and wrongly followed. [See Tafsir Ibn
Kathir, Vol. 1, page 512; and (V.2:51)].
Tahajjud
: (JI) Night optional prayer offered at any time after
'Ishâ' prayer and before the Fajr prayer.
Tahnîk
:
(duesJi) It is the Islamic customary process of chewing a
piece of date and putting a part of its juice in the child's
mouth and pronouncing Adhân in child's ears. (See Sahih
Al-Bukhari, the Book of 'Aqîqah, Vol. 7, Page No. 272).
Taiba
.One of the names of Al-Madinah city (الطيبة) :
Takbîr
.(Saying Allahu-Akbar (Allah is the Most Great (التكبير):
Takbîrah
A single utterance of Allahu-Akbar (التكبيرة) :
Talbînah
: (wwf) A dish prepared from flour and honey.
Talbiyah
: (,,JI) Saying Labbaik, Allâhumma Labbaik (O Allâh! I
am obedient to Your Orders, I respond to Your Call).
At-Tan 'îm
:
(dl) A place towards the north of Makkah outside the
sanctuary from where Makkans may assume the state of

Appendix I
886
Glossary
Ihrâm to perform 'Umrah.
Taqlîd
: ( all) Putting coloured garlands around the necks of Budn
(animals for sacrifice).
Tarâwîh
'Optional Salat (prayers) offered after the 'Isha (التراويح):
prayers on the nights of Ramadan. These may be performed
individually or in congregation.
Tarji'
Repetition of the words of the Adhan twice by the (الترجيع) :
Mu'adhdhin (call-maker).
Tashahhud
: (+ 4dl) The recitation of the invocation: At-tahiyâtu
lillâhi ... (up to) ... wa ash-hadu anna Muhammudan Rasûl-
ullâh", while in Qu'ûd, i.e. sitting posture in Salât (prayer).
[See Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol. 1, Hadîth No. 794, and it also
means: to testify Lâ ilâha illallâh Muhammadun Rusûl
Allâh (none has the right to be worshipped but Allâh and
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allâh).
Taslîm
: (.JI) On finishing the Salât (prayer), one turns one's face
to the right and then to the left saying, Assalamu 'Alaikum
wa Rahmatullah (Peace and Mercy of Allâh be on you).
Tauhid (Islâmic : (I) Tauhid means declaring Allah to be the only God.
Monotheism)
It has three aspects:
(A) Oneness of the Lordship of Allâh; Tauhid-ar-
Rububiyyah: To believe that there is only one Lord for all
the universe, and He is its Creator, Organizer, Planner,
Sustainer, and the Giver of security and that is Allâh.
(B) Oneness of the worship of Allâh; Tauhid-al-Uluhiyyah:
To believe that none has the right to be worshipped [e.g.
praying, invoking, asking for help (from the unseen),
swearing, slaughtering sacrifices, giving charity, fasting,
pilgrimage, etc.], but Allâh.
(C) Oneness of the Names and the Qualities of Allâh;
Tauhîd-al-Asmâ' was-Sifât: To believe that : (i) we must
not name or qualify Allah except with what He or His
Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم has named or qualified Him; (ii)
none can be named or qualified with the Names or
Qualifications of Allâh; e.g. Al-Karîm; (iii) we must believe
in all the qualities of Allâh which Allâh has stated in his
Book (The Qur'an) or mentioned through His Messenger
(Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) without changing their meaning