النص المفهرس
صفحات 1-20
5 In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. All praise is due to Allah , the Lord of the worlds. And peace, blessings and salutations be upon His Messenger, Muhammad . رَاضِ الصَالحَيْنْ مِنْ كَلَا مِ سَيِّدِالمَرْسَلِين by Imam Nawawī A Translation and Commentary of RIYĀD AL-ȘĀLIHÎN Volume 3 Hadith 1271 to 1896 General Editor Moulana Afzal Ismail MUSLIMS AT WORK Publications First Edition Jumādal ūlā 1436 / March 2015 Second Edition Rabī ul-ākhir 1437 / February 2016 Third Edition Rabī ul-ākhir 1439 / January 2018 Fourth Edition Jumādal ūlā 1441 / January 2020 Reprint Sha'baan 1442 / March 2021 Published by: Muslims at Work Publications P.O. Box 606, Heidelberg, 1438 South Africa ISBN 978-0-620-60249-5 Distributed by: Muslims at Work Publications Website : www.matwork.co.za Email : info@matwork.co.za Tel : +27 73 183 0721 / +27 65 942 5923 South Africa Distributed in the UK by Azhar Academy Ltd. London sales@azharacademy.com 54-68 Little Ilford Lane Manor Park - London E12 5QA Tel. +44 (0) 20 8911 9797 وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّ وَحْيٌ يُؤْحُى He (Muhammad does not speak out of (his own) desire. It is but revelation revealed (to him). (Sūrah Najm, 3-4) Transliteration Key أ إ , 1- £ ā b ! 七· ب b 7 ظ ت t ¿ ','a, 'i, 'u th ث gh غ ج j f ف ق q خ kh ك k د d ل 1 ذ dh م m 1 r ن n ز Z 9 ū س S h O ش sh y, i ي ص S Used after the name of Allah, translated as, "Blessed and exalted is He." Used after the name of Nabī Muhammad, translated as, "May Allah's peace and blessing be upon him." Used after the name of a Messenger of Allah, translated as, "May Allah's peace be upon him." Used after the name of a male Sahabī (companion) of Nabī Muhammad translated as, "May Allah be pleased with him." Used after the name of a female Sahabiya (companion) of Nabī Muhammad translated as, "May Allah be pleased with her." Used after the names of more than one Sahabī (companion) of Nabī Muhammad translated as, "May Allah be pleased with them." Used after the name of a pious person, translated as, "May Allah's mercy be upon him." d ض Preface to the 4th Edition All praise belongs to Allāh &s, the Master of the universe. Peace, blessings and salutations be upon our beloved leader, Nabī . It is purely the grace and mercy of Allah & that this translation and commentary of Riyad al-Șāliķīn has been well received by 'Ulama, teachers, students and general readers. In this edition the Arabic text has been checked with other printed editions and changes have been made where it was deemed necessary. The number of ahadith narrated by each Șaņābī has been checked and mistakes have been corrected. Changes to the translation and commentary have also been made based on the suggestions of 'Ulama. Changes have also been made to the typesetting, and typographical errors have been corrected. We make du'a' that Allah &s accepts this effort and grants the reward of it to all those who have been part of the project. Afzal Ismail 24 Rabī ul-Ākhir 1441 / 21 December 2019 Acknowledgments It is only the grace and mercy of Allah & that He allows every good action to reach completion. This compilation would not have reached completion without the du'ās and inspiration of my parents, teachers and well-wishers. In particular, I am especially grateful to Moulana Moosa Kajee who greatly assisted with the preparation of major sections of volume 2 and 3 of the commentary; Moulana Imtiaz Kathrada for the proofreading; Moulana Imran Kajee for helping to locate and reference some of the narrations; and all those sincere individuals who assisted on condition that their contributions remain anonymous. May Allah reward them all abundantly in this world and the next. Afzal Ismail 2 Jumādal Ūlā 1436 / 22 February 2015 CONTENTS THE BOOK OF HAJ 16 The obligation and virtue of Haj. ..... ......... ......... .16 THE BOOK OF JIHAD 24 Chapter on the clarification of those who are martyrs in respect of the reward in the Hereafter and who are to be given a ghusl and the Janazah salah performed for them, as opposed to those who are killed while fighting the disbelievers 67 Chapter on the virtue of freeing slaves. 71 Chapter on the virtue of being kind to slaves. 73 Chapter on the virtue of a slave who fulfils the rights of Allah and the rights of his masters 75 Chapter on the virtue of worship at times of turbulence such as confusion, corruption, etc. .. ..... .. 77 Chapter on the virtue of leniency in buying, selling, receiving and giving; the virtue of settling debts and accounts kindly; the virtue of giving extra when weighing and measuring; the prohibition of giving less; the virtue of the creditor who grants respite to his debtor or waives the debt .... 78 THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE 84 Chapter on the virtue of knowledge .84 THE BOOK OF PRAISING AND THANKING ALLAH 98 Chapter on the virtue of praising and thanking Allah ...... ....... .... .98 THE BOOK OF SALUTATIONS UPON THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH 102 Chapter on the virtue of salutations upon the Messenger of Allah 102 THE BOOK OF THE REMEMBRANCE OF ALLAH 111 Chapter on the virtue of dhikr and encouragement to engage in it .... .......... 111 Chapter on engaging in the dhikr of Allah & standing, sitting, lying down, while in a state of minor or major impurity, and in menstruation - except the recitation of the Qur'an which is prohibited for a person in major impurity and menstruation 143 Chapter on the du'a' that should be made when going to sleep and waking up . ......... 144 Chapter on the virtue of the gatherings of dhikr; the desirability of remaining attached to them and CONTENTS the prohibition of abandoning them without excuse 145 Chapter on supplications for the morning and evening 152 THE BOOK OF SUPPLICATIONS 163 Chapter on the virtue of supplication ........ .163 The virtue of supplicating for someone in their absence ................ 185 Chapter on matters regarding supplication .... ..... 187 Chapter on the miracles and virtues of the auliya' (friends of Allah ds) 192 THE BOOK OF PROHIBITED MATTERS 206 Chapter on the prohibition of backbiting and the command to safeguard the tongue .. .......... .206 Chapter on the prohibition of listening to backbiting. The command for a person who hears backbiting to refute it and prevent the speaker. If he is unable to do so, or his objection is ignored, he should leave that gathering if it is possible 219 Chapter on lawful instances of backbiting ..... 223 Chapter on the prohibition of slander which is to carry tales between people in order to cause trouble 229 Chapter on the prohibition of conveying tales and discussions of people to those in authority when there is no need such as fear of corruption, etc. 232 Chapter on the condemnation of being two-faced 233 Chapter on the prohibition of lying ......... .... ......... 234 Chapter on the type of lies that are lawful 243 Chapter on verifying what one says and relates ........ 245 Chapter on the severe prohibition of giving false testimony. 248 Chapter on the prohibition of cursing a person or an animal 249 Chapter on the permissibility of cursing the sinful ones without naming them ........ 255 Chapter on the prohibition of unjustly verbally abusing a Muslim ........... ...... ...... 256 Chapter on the prohibition of verbally abusing the dead without any need or Shar'T benefit. 260 Chapter on the prohibition of causing harm 261 CONTENTS Chapter on the prohibition of mutual hatred, severing ties, and disregard for one another 262 Chapter on the prohibition of jealousy ...... ..... 264 Chapter on the prohibition of spying and eavesdropping ........... 266 Chapter on the prohibition of unnecessarily having evil thoughts of Muslims. .................. 269 Chapter on the prohibition of ridiculing Muslims 270 Chapter on the Shar'ī prohibition of ridiculing an established lineage ...... 273 Chapter on the prohibition of deluding and deceiving others. 274 Chapter on the prohibition of treachery ........ 278 Chapter on the prohibition of reminding others of one's favours upon them 280 Chapter on the prohibition of boasting and arrogance .... 282 Chapter on the prohibition of Muslims severing ties for more than three days unless due to bid'ah (innovation) or an explicit act of sin ....... 283 Chapter on the prohibition of two people conversing secretly in the presence of a third person without his permission unless due to necessity. This also applies to two people speaking in a language which the third does not understand. .288 Chapter on the prohibition of punishing a slave, animal, woman or child without any Shar ī reason, or beyond the limit of discipline. 289 Chapter on the prohibition of punishing any living creature, even an ant, etc. with fire 295 Chapter on the prohibition of a wealthy person delaying the payment of his debt. ..... .296 Chapter on the detestability of a person taking back a gift which he has not as yet handed over, and a gift to his child whether he has handed it over or not. The detestability of purchasing an item from a person to whom one has given it as sadaqah, zakāh, kaffarah, etc .; there is no harm in purchasing it from a third party in whose possession it was transferred. 297 Chapter on the severe prohibition of devouring the wealth of an orphan. 299 Chapter on the severe prohibition of usury .. ...... ............ 301 Chapter on the prohibition of showing-off. 303 Chapter on what might appear to be showing-off, but is not showing off. 307 Chapter on the prohibition of looking at a strange woman or a young boy without a valid Shar'ī reason ............ .308 .314 CONTENTS Chapter on the prohibition of being in privacy with a strange woman .. Chapter on the prohibition of men imitating women and women imitating men in dressing, movements, etc. .................... ..... ............ 316 Chapter on the prohibition of imitating Shaitan and the disbelievers. ................... .320 Chapter on the prohibition of a man or woman dying their hair black . .322 Chapter on the prohibition of shaving only a portion of the head, and the permissibility for a man to shave his entire head, but not for a woman to do so 322 Chapter on the prohibition of joining hair, tattooing and filing the teeth ................. .325 Chapter on the prohibition of plucking out white hair from the beard and head, and of a young boy plucking out the first hairs that appear of his beard .... ..... .328 Chapter on the undesirability of cleaning the private parts with the right hand and touching the private parts with the right hand for no reason. .329 Chapter on the detestability of walking with one sandal or one sock for no reason, and the detestability of wearing sandals and socks while standing, for no reason .330 Chapter on the prohibition of leaving a fire burning in the house when going to sleep, etc. in the form of a lamp, etc. ......... .... 331 Chapter on the prohibition of formalities, namely to exaggerate words and actions for no reason.333 Chapter on the prohibition of wailing over the dead, slapping the face, tearing the clothes, plucking out and shaving the hair and supplicating for destruction .335 Chapter on the prohibition of going to fortune tellers, astrologers, diviners, geomancers, and those ............. who take omens by castings stones, barley, etc ..... ..... .340 Chapter on the prohibition of believing in omens .345 ...... Chapter on the prohibition of making images of living things on rugs, stones, clothes, dirhams, cushions, dinars, pillows, etc; the prohibition of forming images on walls, roofs, curtains, turbans, clothes, etc; and the command to obliterate images. .................... .348 Chapter on the prohibition of keeping a dog except for hunting, herding or farming ........................ 354 Chapter on the detestability of riding a camel that eats filth. If it eats pure fodder and its meat is wholesome, the detestability will no longer remain ............ .. 357 Chapter on the prohibition of spitting in the masjid and the command to remove saliva if it is found there; and the command to keep the masjid clean of impurities 358 CONTENTS Chapter on the detestability of arguing, raising one's voice, announcing a lost item, buying, selling, renting or other similar transactions in the masjid ......... .360 Chapter on the prohibition of eating onions, garlic, leeks and other similar foul smelling foods before ......... .................. 363 entering the masjid until the smell disappears, except due to necessity . ..... Chapter on the undesirability of sitting with one's knees up against one's chest while the Imam is delivering the sermon on the day of Jumu'ah because it may make him fall asleep causing him to miss the sermon, and possibly nullify his wudū'. ..... .. 365 Chapter on the prohibition of cutting any hair or nails in the first ten days of Dhul Hijjah for one who intends sacrificing an animal until he has completed his sacrifice .... ......... .. 366 Chapter on the prohibition of taking an oath upon creation such as a Messenger of Allah, the Ka'bah, the angels, the heavens, forefathers, life, the soul, the head, the bounty of the king, soil of a particular land and trust. It is the strongest possible prohibition. 366 Chapter on the severity of intentionally taking a false oath ........ 370 Chapter on the desirability for one who took an oath and then became aware of a better option, to do what he had taken an oath not to do and to pay an expiation for breaking the oath ................ 372 Chapter explaining that a futile oath is forgiven and that there is no expiation for it. It refers to an oath that is taken unintentionally in the form of habitual speech such as 'No, by Allah', 'Yes, by Allah', etc. .... 374 Chapter on the detestability of taking an oath when selling even if it is true 375 Chapter on the detestability of a person asking for anything in the name of Allah d's apart from Paradise; and the detestability of refusing one who asks in the name of Allah des ...... .376 Chapter on the prohibition of addressing a ruler as Shahanshah because it means "the king of kings" and none besides Allah & can be described as such .377 Chapter on the prohibition of addressing a flagrant sinner, innovator, etc. as 'master', etc 378 Chapter on the detestability of cursing a fever .... 379 Chapter on the prohibition of cursing the wind, and what should be said when it blows ..... 380 Chapter on the detestability of cursing the rooster ............ 381 Chapter on the prohibition of attributing rain on account of a particular star 382 Chapter on the prohibition of calling a Muslim a disbeliever. .............. ............ 383 Chapter on the prohibition of obscene and immoral speech ............ .384 CONTENTS Chapter on the detestability of exaggerating in speech, overstressing in eloquence, and utilising unfamiliar and fine morphological points when addressing common people ............ ..... 385 Chapter on the detestability of using a word with an undesirable meaning 387 The detestability of referring to grapes as al-karm ..... ... ............................. 387 Chapter on the prohibition of describing a woman's beauty to a man except when there is a valid Islamic need for it such as to marry her .. ...... .............. .389 Chapter on the detestability of saying: "O Allah, forgive me if You will." Instead, one should request with conviction 389 Chapter on the detestability of saying: "What Allah wills and so-and-so wills" ..... ........ 390 Chapter on the detestability of engaging in conversation after the 'Isha' salah .391 Chapter on the prohibition for a woman to refuse to come to her husband's bed when he calls her if she has no valid Islamic reason .............. .393 Chapter on the prohibition for a woman to fast when her husband is present except with his permission ..... ....... 394 Chapter on the prohibition for one following the Imam to raise his head from ruku' or sajdah before the Imam. ..... .395 ....... ..... ..... ...... Chapter on the detestability of placing the hand on the hip in salah. .396 Chapter on the detestability of performing salah when food is present and the heart desires it, or while having the urge to relieve oneself ........ .396 Chapter on the prohibition of raising the gaze to the sky in salah. 397 Chapter on the detestability of looking around in salah without any excuse ...... 398 Chapter on the prohibition of performing salah towards graves .398 Chapter on the prohibition of passing in front of a person performing .................................... 399 Chapter on the detestability of commencing Nafl salah after the mu'adh-dhin commences with the iqamah whether that Nafl salah is the Sunnah of that salah or another salah. ....... .400 Chapter on the detestability of selecting only the day of Jumu'ah for fasting or its night for performing șalāh .............. .401 Chapter on the prohibition of continuous fasting which is to fast for two or more days without eating or drinking anything between them. 403 Chapter on the prohibition of sitting on a grave ........... .404 CONTENTS Chapter on the prohibition of plastering or building over a grave. 404 Chapter on the severe prohibition of a slave escaping from his master ...... 405 Chapter on the prohibition of interceding in the hudūd (Islamic penal laws) 406 Chapter on the prohibition of relieving oneself where people walk or seek shade, at water sources, etc. 407 Chapter on the prohibition of urinating in stagnant water ..... ...... .408 Chapter on the detestability of a parent giving preference to some of his children over others in gifts .408 Chapter on the prohibition for a woman to mourn for more than three days over a deceased besides her husband, in whose case she should do so for four months and ten days .................... ..... 410 Chapter on the prohibition of an urban-dweller selling on behalf of a rural-dweller, meeting trade caravans in advance, requesting to purchase in the midst of another brother's purchase, sending a marriage proposal when another brother has proposed without permission or retraction. ......... .411 Chapter on the prohibition of squandering wealth in ways that Islam does not permit .. .. 414 Chapter on the prohibition of pointing a weapon at a Muslim, seriously or jokingly, and the prohibition of handing over an unsheathed sword ........ ...... 416 Chapter on the detestability of leaving the masjid after the adhan before performing the Fard salah without a valid reason 418 .... Chapter on the detestability of refusing 'itr without any valid reason ....... .418 Chapter on the detestability of praising a person to his face if it may cause him to become proud, and its permissibility if he is safe from pride 419 Chapter on the detestability of fleeing from an area where there is a plague and the detestability of going to an area where there is a plague 422 Chapter on the strong prohibition of magic . ..... ............ 425 Chapter on the prohibition of travelling with the Qur'an to the lands of disbelievers if it is feared that it will fall into enemy hands ..... .426 Chapter on the prohibition of using gold and silver utensils for eating, drinking, purification and all other uses ........... 426 Chapter on the prohibition for a man to wear clothing dyed with saffron 428 Chapter on the prohibition of remaining silent from morning to night .. 429 CONTENTS Chapter on the prohibition of a person ascribing his lineage to someone other than his father, and a slave to other than his master ........ ...... 430 Chapter on warning against doing what Allah ds and His Messenger prohibited ............. 433 Chapter on what a person should say or do after committing a forbidden action ..... ............... 434 THE BOOK OF THE MISCELLANEOUS AND APPEALING 435 Chapter on ahadith regading Dajjal, signs of the Final Hour, etc. ..... 435 THE BOOK OF SEEKING FORGIVENESS 486 Chapter on the command to seek forgiveness and its virtue. ................ ................. .486 Chapter on what Allah ds has prepared for the believers in Paradise. ..... ....... .494 كتَاب الحَجّ THE BOOK OF HAJ CHAPTER 233 باب وجوب الحج وفضله The obligation and virtue of Haj Introduction Haj literally means to intend. From an Islamic perspective, it means to intend visiting the Ka'bah for fulfilment of specific actions. Haj was an act of worship from the time of Adam . It is only compulsory upon those who have sufficient provisions and transportation to undertake the journey. Haj is a unique form of worship in which one humbles oneself, spends his wealth, utilises his strength, abstains from fulfilling his carnal desires and turns exclusively to Allah &s. The benefits of Haj are many. A Haji is saved from poverty as the Messenger said, "A Hāji never becomes destitute." (Bazzār) A Haji receives countless spiritual blessings and enjoys the divine mercy which descends upon the Ka'bah every day. Haj is the ultimate expression of a lover who is madly in love with his beloved (Allah). One who ponders over the various rituals of Haj will not fail to realise that Haj is the ultimate journey of love. قَالَ الله تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلِلّهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيْلًا وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللهَ غَنِىّ عَنِ الْعُلَمِيْنَ﴾ ( آل عمران: ٩٧). Allāh &s says: "Haj to the House is a duty that people who are able to find a way there owe to Allah . Whoever rejects, then surely Allah is Independent of the entire universe." (Sūrah Al 'Imran, 97) Hadīth 1271 وعن ابن عمر ه: أنَّ رسول الله ﴿ه، قَالَ: ((بُنِي الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ : شَهَادَةٍ أنْ لاَ إِلَ إِلَّ اللهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رسولُ اللهِ ، وَإِقَامِ الصَّلاَةِ ، وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ ، وَحَجِّ البَيْتِ ، وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ )) متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ . 17 RIYĀD AL-ȘĀLIĶĪN Ibn ‘Umar narrates that the Messenger of Allah said: "Islam is based on five pillars: testifying that there is none worthy of worship besides Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing salah, giving zakāh, Haj to the House (Ka'bah), and fasting in Ramadān." (Bukhārī, Muslim, Tirmidhī, Ahmad) Commentary This hadith was mentioned previously. See hadith 1075. It is repeated here to show that Haj is one of the fundamental pillars of Islam. One who denies its obligation leaves the fold of Islam. Hadīth 1272 وعن أبي هريرة ﴿هُ، قَالَ: خَطَبَا رسولُ اللهِ ﴿١، فَقَالَ: ((أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، قَدْ فَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَيْكُمْ الحَجَّ فَحُجُّوا )) فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ : أكُلَّ عَامٍ يَا رَسولَ اللهِ ؟ فَسَكَتَ ، حَتَّى قَالَهَا ثَلاثًاً . فَقَالَ رسولُ اللهِ ﴿: (( لَوْ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ لَوَجَبَتْ ، وَلَمَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ)) ثُمَّ قَالَ: (( ذَرُونِي مَا تَرَكْتُكُمْ ؛ فَإِنَّمَا هَلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ بِكَثْرَةِ سُؤالِهِمْ ، وَاخْتِلاَفِهِمْ عَلَى أَنْيَائِهِمْ ، فَإِذَا أَمَرْتُكُمْ بِشَيءٍ فَأَتُوا مِنْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ ، وَإِذَا نَهَيْتُكُمْ عَن شَيْءٍ فَدَعُوهُ )) رواه مسلم . Abū Hurayrah 4% narrates: "The Messenger of Allah addressed us saying: 'O people, Allah made the Haj obligatory upon you, so perform Haj.' A man asked: 'Every year, O Messenger of Allah?' He remained silent and the person asked the question three times. The Messenger of Allah then said: "If I said yes, then it would become obligatory, and you would not be able to do it.' He then said: 'Leave me as I am, as long as I leave you as you are. Those before you were destroyed because of their excessive questioning and arguing with their Messengers. When I order you to do something, do it as best you can. When I prohibit you from doing something, abstain from it." (Muslim, Ahmad, Ibn Mājah) Commentary It is compulsory, for a person who has the ability, to perform Haj once in a lifetime. The principle of doing good to the best of one's ability and abstaining totally from wrong, is a pivotal principle of Islam. Many laws and regulations are derived from it. In summary, it means that a person should practise upon the commands of Allah & according to his ability, however sins and prohibitions should be abandoned in totality. For example, a person who cannot perform salah standing should perform it sitting or even lying down. Similarly, one 18 RIYĀD AL-ȘĀLIĶĪN who cannot perform wudu' due to illness should perform tayammum. In contrast, a person who drinks alcohol, is not permitted to abstain from it according to his ability, but is instructed to abandon it totally. The Messenger of Allah kept quiet hoping that the questioner would realise his error of excessive questioning, and abstain from further questions. However when this did not happen, the Messenger answered in a reprimanding tone. Additional Points The laws of Islam are based on ease and practicality. No law or command of Islam is impossible to carry out. v Questions are either asked with the intention of learning or stirring up problems. The former are encouraged while the latter are forbidden. Hadith 1273 وعنه ، قَالَ : سُئِلَ النَّبِّ ﴿ أَُّّ العَمَلِ أَفْضَلُ؟ قَالَ : ((إيمَانٌ بِاللهِ وَرسولِهِ )) قيل : ثُمَّ ماذا؟ قَالَ : ((الجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللـهِ )) قِيلَ: ثُمَّ مَاذَا؟ قَالَ: (( حَجِّ مَبرُورٌ)) متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ . (( المبرور )) هُوَ : الَّذِي لا يرتكِبُ صاحِبُهُ فِيهِ معصيةً . Abū Hurayrah 4% narrates that the Messenger of Allah was asked: "Which is the best of actions?" He replied: "Belief in Allah and His Messenger." He was asked: "Then what?" He replied: "Jihad in the path of Allah." He was asked: "Then what?" He replied: "A Haj Mabrūr." (Bukhārī, Muslim, Bayhaqī) Vocabulary and Definitions The word "Mabrūr" is derived from the word birr which means obedience. Therefore, a Haj Mabrūr refers to that Haj in which a person does not commit any act of disobedience, even if it be minor. Some scholars have stated that it is a Haj in which there is no show and ostentation. Another view is that it refers to an accepted Haj. Commentary This hadith shows the noble status of Haj in Islam as well as the great reward it entails. This is on condition that a person performs Haj with sincerity and abstains from all forms of sin. The sign of an accepted Haj, according to the scholars, is that a person returns from his Haj in a better spiritual state and abandons a life of sin. 19 RIYĀD AL-ȘĀLIĶĪN In this hadith, Jihad and Haj are stated to be the best of actions after faith, while in other ahādīth, actions such as salah, kindness to parents, etc. are mentioned before Haj. Scholars explain that the Messenger of Allah gave different answers to this question because of different circumstances and according to people's weaknesses and requirements. Hadith 1274 ، يقول : (( مَنْ حَجَّ، فَلَمْ يَرْفُثْ ، وَلَمْ يَفْسُقْ، رَجَعَ وعنه ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رسولَ اللهِ كَيَوْمٍ وَلَدَتْهُ أمُّهُ )) متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ . Abū Hurayrah & narrates: I heard the Messenger of Allah saying: "One who performs Haj without committing any obscenity or immorality returns as he was on the day his mother gave birth to him." (Bukhārī, Muslim) Vocabulary and Definitions Obscenity ( ¿¿ )) refers to sexual intercourse, uttering obscenities or discussing obscene matters with the opposite gender. Immorality (¿) refers to all forms of sin, fighting and immoral behaviour. Commentary According to the majority of the scholars, major as well as minor sins are forgiven when performing Haj. However, the rights of Allāh & such as missed salāhs, fasts, zakāh, etc., and the rights of people such as debts, trusts, etc. will still have to be discharged, after performing Haj. In other words, the sin is forgiven but the right is not waived. Hadith 1275 ، قال : ((العُمْرَةُ إِلَى الْعُمْرَةِ كَفَّارَةٌ لِمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ، وَالحَجُّ المَبْرُورُ وعنه: أنَّ رسول اللهِ حُ﴾ لَيْسَ لَهُ جَزَاءٌ إِلَّ الجَنَّةَ )) متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ . Abū Hurayrah 40 > narrates that the Messenger of Allah said: "One 'Umrah to the next 'Umrah is expiation for whatever is committed between them, and there in no reward for a Haj Mabrūr except Paradise." (Bukhārī, Muslim, Mālik, Bayhaqī) Commentary This hadith mentions the reward of performing Haj and 'Umrah. The benefit for one who performs a Haj Mabrūr is that he will be inspired to repent from all his sins, and he will be 20 RIYĀD AL-ȘĀLIĶĪN granted the ability to abstain from these sins for the remainder of his life, or repent from them if he indulges in them. He will therefore enter Paradise, as the hadith states. According to Imam Shafi'ī , it is Fard to perform 'Umrah just as it is Fard to perform Haj. According to Imam Abu Hanīfah , to perform 'Umrah once in a lifetime is Sunnah Mu'akkadah. Hadith 1276 وعن عائشة رَّا، قَالَت: قُلْتُ: يَا رسول الله، نَرَى الجِهَادَ أَفْضَلَ العَمَلِ ، أَفَلاَ نُجَاهِدُ ؟ فَقَالَ : (( لكن أَفْضَلُ الجِهَادِ : حَجِّ مَبْرُورٌ )) رواه البخاري . 'A'ishah was narrates: "I asked: 'O Messenger of Allah, we consider jihad to be the best of actions. Should we not go in jihad?' He replied: 'The best jihād for you is Haj Mabrūr." (Bukhārī, Ahmad, Ibn Mājah, Ibn Khuzaymah) Commentary This hadith explains that, for women, the greatest form of jihad is a Haj Mabrūr. In fact the narration of Bukhārī clearly states, "Your jihād is Haj." Hadīth 1277 وعنها: أنَّ رسولَ الله ﴿، قَالَ: ((مَا مِنْ يَوْمِ أكْثَرَ مِنْ أن يَعْتِقَ اللهُ فِيهِ عَبْداً مِنَ النَّارِ مِنْ يَوْمٍ عَرَفَةَ )) رواه مسلم . 'Ã'ishah narrates that the Messenger of Allah said: "There is no day on which Allah frees more servants from the Hell-Fire than the day of 'Arafah." (Muslim, Ibn Mājah, Nasa'ī, Dāraquțnī) Commentary The day of 'Arafah is a day when Allah's & mercy descends in torrents. Allah des boasts about His servants before the angels and forgives people more than He does on other occasions. Hadith 1278 ، قَالَ : ((عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةَ - أَوْ حَجَّةً مَعِي : أَنَّ النبيَّ وعن ابن عباس )) متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ . Ibn 'Abbas > narrates that the Messenger of Allah said: “An 'Umrah performed in Ramadan is equivalent to Haj or a Haj with me." (Bukhārī,