النص المفهرس

FIQH AL-IMAM
FATWA (pl. fatawa). Formal legal ruling issued by a competent jurist.
FiQH. Islamic law or jurisprudence.
HADITH. Literally, a piece of news, a story or a report relating to a present or
past event. In the technical sense, it refers to the reports of the words,
deeds, and approvals or disapprovals of the Messenger of Allah 4.
HAFIZ. Hadith master, one who has memorized one hundred thousand hadiths
by heart. Also used for one who has memorized the entire Qur'an.
HANAFI. Follower of the Hanafi school of Islamic law.
HANBALI. Follower of the Hanbali school of Islamic law.
HARAM. Forbidden, prohibited, unlawful. The status of something being
completely unlawful under Islamic law and established through decisive
Iqat'il proof. See also MAKRUH.
HASAN. Approved or sound, similar to a rigorously authenticated hadith
[sahih) but of a slightly lower degree.
IsN. Son.
TyMa. Consensus. Often used to refer to the complete agreement among the
Companions or the jurists regarding a particular juridical issue.
IJTIHAD An ability of the intellectual understanding by which the subtleties,
implications, finer points, mysteries, wisdom, and causes of the laws
[abkami] of Islam are ascertained.
'Tlm. Sacred Knowledge.
IMAM. Derived from the Arabic word "to lead," Imam is widely used for the
leader of the prayer or the leader of a school of thought in Islamic law.
'ISHA. The night prayer, performed after the redness of sunser disappears.
JAHRI PRAYER Prayer in which the Qur'an is recited aloud (e.g. Fajr, Maghrib
and 'Isha).
JAM AL-HAQIQI. Real combining-combining two fard prayers in the time
of onc.
JAM' AL-SURI. Apparent combining-combining two prayers by performing
the first prayer at the end of its time and the second prayer at the
beginning of its time.
212

Glossary
JAM' AL-TA'KHIR Delayed combining- combining Maghrib and 'Isha together
in the time of "Isha and combining Zuhr and 'Asr together in the time
of 'Asr.
JAM' AL-TAQDIM. Advanced combining-combining Maghrib and 'Isha
together in the time of Maghrib and combining Zuhr and 'Asr at the
time of Zuhr.
JUMU'A. Friday.
KUPA. An important city of Iraq founded by 'Umar .
MA'LUL. Defective narration.
MADHHAB (pl. madhahib). School of Islamic religious law.
MADINA MUNAWWARA. Illuminated city of the Messenger of Allah # and
second holiest city of Islam (located in Arabia, today known as Saudi
Arabia).
MAGHRIB. Evening prayer performed after sunset.
MARKA. Holiest city of Islam and home to the Masjid al-Haram and the
Ka'ba (located in Arabia, today known as Saudi Arabia).
MAKRUH. Disliked. Status of something that is undesirable (tanzihi], and
sometimes reproachable [tabrimi], under Islamic law but not to degree
of being unlawful [haram] (due to being established through speculative
(dhanni] proof). See also HARAM.
MALIKI, Follower of the Maliki school of Islamic law.
MARFU'. Chain of transmission that reaches to the Messenger s.
MASHHUR Hadith which is handed down by at least three reliable authori-
ties; or, according to another view, a hadith which, although widely
disseminated later, was originally transmitted by one person in the
first generation.
MAWDU'. Fabricated and spurious hadith attributed to the Messenger of
Allah 2.
MawQUF. Chain of transmission that does not reach the Messenger @ but
ends at a Companion.
MAWSUL. Unbroken chain leading to the narrating authority.
MUFASSIR. Exegete or elucidator of the Holy Qur'an.
213

FIQH AL-IMAM
MUHADDITH. Hadith scholar.
MUNFARID. Person performing prayer alone.
MUNKAR Disowned or denied hadith.
MUQTADI. Person performing prayer behind an imam in congregation.
MURSAL. Hadith narrated by a Follower [tabi i] or someone after him directly
from the Messenger as without mentioning the authority in between.
MusALLI. Person performing prayer.
MUSTAHAB. Preferred practice.
MUTAWATIR Event or statement reported by such a vast number of people in
every generation that it is impossible for it to contain any falsehood.
MUZDALIFA. Place near Makka between the plains of 'Arafat and Mina-also
known as al-Mash'ar al-Haram. Pilgrims camp there for the night on
their return from 'Arafat.
NAFL. Supererogatory practice.
QADA: Missed prayer that must be made up.
QIBLA. The direction of the Ka'ba in Makka towards which Muslims face
in prayer.
QIRA'A. Recitation (normally of the Holy Qur'an).
QIYAM. Standing posture of prayer.
QA'DA. Sitting posture of prayer.
RAK'A. Unit of prayer consisting of a standing and bowing posture and two
prostrations.
Ruku. Bowing posture of prayer.
SAHIH. Hadith rigorously authenticated in its text [ main] and transmission.
SAUJDAT AL-TILAWA. Prostration performed after reciting a verse of prostration:
SHAFAQ AHMAR Red evening twilight appearing in the sky after sunset.
SHANAQ ABYAD. Soft white light appearing after the red evening twilight
disappears.
SHAFT'T. Follower of the Shafi'i school of Islamic law.
214

Glossary
SHARI'A. Islamic Sacred Law.
SIRRI PRAYER. Prayer in which the Qur'an is recited silently (e.g. Zuhr and
'Asr prayers).
SIWAK. Toothstick from the branches or roots of shrubs having known anti-
bacterial properties.
SUJUD AL-SANW. Prostrations of forgetfulness-performance of two additional
prostrations after completing the tashabbud in the final rak'a, done to
compensate for certain defects in the performance of prayer.
SUNNA. Precedent and custom; the actions and practices of Allah's Messenger
St. The second source of Islamic sacred knowledge called hadiths. Also
used for acts of the category between wajib and mustahab. See also
HADITH, WAJIB and MUSTAHAB.
SUNNA MATRUKA. Early practice of the Messenger of Allah & that he later
abandoned.
SUNNA MU'ARKADA. Emphasized practice of the Messenger of Allah 4 or his
Companions that cannot be left out without valid reason.
SUNNA MUSTAAUIRRA. Permanent or continuous practice of the Messenger
SURAT AL-FATIHA. Opening chapter of the Qur'an; also known as Umm
al-Qur'an.
SUTRA. Stick or similar object placed in front of a person performing prayer,
so that a passerby may pass outside the object and not directly in front
of the worshipper.
TAB/'z. Follower or Successor-one who saw the Companions [sahaba] while
in the state of faith (iman) and then died in that state.
TAB AI-TABI'IN, Follower of the Followers-one who saw the Followers during
their lifetimes in the state of faith.
TAKSIR Explanation, commentary, or exegesis of the Holy Qur'an.
TAHIYYAT AL-MASIID, Welcoming-the-masjid prayer-two rak ats performed
upon entry into the masjid prior to sitting down.
TAKBIR TAHRIMA. Opening takbir of prayer (e.g. Allalı akbar).
TiQuo. Following reliable authority in the affairs of Islamic law (esp. one of
215

FIQH AL-IMAM
the four Imams). See also MADHHAB.
TARAWIH. Twenty rak'ats of sunna prayer performed after the fard of 'Isha
during the month of Ramadan.
TARWIHA. Brief interval observed after every four rak ats of tarawih.
'ULAMA (sing. 'alim). Islamic scholars well-versed with Islamic sciences.
UMMA. Community.
UMM AL-QUR'AN. Opening chapter of the Qur'an known as al-Fatiha.
USUL. AL-FIQH. Principles or roots of jurisprudence.
USUL AL-HADITH, Principles or roots of hadich.
WAJIB. Divine command established through proof that, although very
strong (dalil zanni], is of a lower category than absolute proof [dalil
qat i]. One who neglects or rejects a wajib injunction is termed a
transgressor (fasiq].
WuDu'. Ritual ablution for prayer.
ZUHR. Noon prayer performed just after the sun has left its zenith.
216

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219

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220

Index of Persons
Al- Abdari, Razin 34
Abdullah 28, 162
'Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa 138
'Abdullah ibn Abi Musa 128
Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Jaz'a 23
Abdullah ibn Qays 136
Abdullah ibn Salam 39
Abdullah ibn Shaddad 73
Abdullah ibn Unays 23
Abdullah ibn Zayd ibn Aslam 77
Abdullah ibn 'Abdillah ibn 'Umar 121
'Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak 24-25, 26,
181, 189
Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr 99
Abd al-Aziz ibn Jurayj 136
'Abd al-Aziz ibn Muhammad 197
'Abd al-'Aziz ibn Rafi' 187
'Abd al-Malik 109
Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Abd al-Qari 185
Abd al-Rahman ibn Abza 138
Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf 77
Abd al-Rahman ibn Azhar 157
Abd al-Rahman ibn Quraysh 116
'Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd 35
Abd al-Razzaq 27, 93
Abu Bakr ibn 'Abd al-Rahman 143
Abu Bakr ibn 'Ayash In
Abu Bakr al-Siddiq 37. 76, 77, 105, 111,
139. 185-186, 199
Abu Bishr al-Dulabi 95
Abu '1-Darda', 'Uwaymir 36, 39, 128,
129-130
Abu Dawud 58, 68, 82, 160, 194, 196.
205. 208
Abu Ghalib 140
Abu Hanifa Nu'man ibn Thabit XVII, 11, 13,
15-17, 21-31, 41, 42, 56. 66, 67, 88, 98, 102,
126. 135, 153, 180-181, 189, 190. 191, 202
Abu '1-Hasan XIX
Abu Hudhayfa 39
Abu Humayd Izo
Abu Hurayra 28, 62, 72, 74-75, 84-85, 91,
92, 94. 96, 110, 111, 127, 138, 167, 168, 170
Abu Ilyas 28
Abu Ishaq 29, 109, 110, 111, 128, 141
Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi 134
Abu Jamra 76
Abu Khaythama 138
Abu Khusayb 188
Abu Mansur 140
Abu Mijlaz 28, 62
Abu Masa 35, 128, 129, 204
Abu Qilaba 170
Abu Sa'id 175
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri 72, 161, 168, 170
Abu Salama 135, 1$5, 192-193, 194
Abu Salih 28
Abu 'I-Sha cha 205.
Abu Shayba, Ibrahim ibn 'Uthman 188
Aba 'I-Tayyib (Qadi) 134
Abu Umama 140-141, 170
Abu Wa'il 28, 93, 120
Abu Yusuf 23, 26, 27, 28. 31, 42, 66, 67, 190
Abu T-Zanad 140
Abu '1-Zubayr 28
Abu Zur'a 58, 196
Ahmad ibn Hanbal (Imam) 13, 2, 41, 56.
$9, 66, 68, 69, 83-84, 94. 134-135. 154.
221

FIQH AL-IMAM
161, 169, 180-181, 189, 209
Ahmad Muhammad Shakir 104
A'isha 119, 121, 427, 135-137, 141-147,
154-160, 162, 193, 194, 195, 205
A'isha bint 'I-Ajrad 23
Ali ibn Abi Talib 37, 38, 60, 61, 77, 93, 96,
99, 105, 109, 111, 138, 141, 143, 162, 171,
185, 188-190
Ali ibn Rabi'a 188
Algama 36, 104-105, 110, 111, 114, 115,
140-141, 170
"Algama ibn Wa'il 91
A'mash 28, 30, 188
'Ammar ibn Yasir 38
'Amr ibn 'Abasa 161
Anm ibn al-'As 38
Amr ibn Dinar 28, 29
Amra bint Abd al-Rahman 137
Anas ibn Malik 22-23, 51, 62, 89, 138,
140-141, 143, 172, 174
al-Ansari, Abu 'Uthman 128
al-Ansari, Abu Mas'ud 28
Asad ibn Amr 31, 190
Asad ibn al-Furat 31
Asim ibn Kulayh Tog
Aswad 109, 110, 111, 114
Aswad ibn Yazid 6
Ata' ibn Yasar 76
Ara ibn Abi Rabah 29, 89, 140, 171, 187
Awza'i (Imam) 25, 69
Ayni 161, 180, 207-208
al Ayni, Badr al-din XVII. 63. 75
Ayyub ibn al-Nahik 167
A'zami, Habib al-Rahman 195
al-Baghdadi, Khatib 23, 31, 134
Bara' ibn 'Azib 108
Bayhaqi 27, 60, 61, 69, 189. 198-199
Binnori, Yusuf XIX, 47
Bishr ibn Rafi' 94
Bukhari 24, 58. 59, 84. 89, 94, 1IO, 136,
137.156
al-Bunani, Thabit 138
Daraquini 23. 27, 83, 134, 174
al-Dari, Tamim 196, 197
Dhahabi 22-23, 25, 27, 30, 40, 58, 59,
114. 136, 137, 143, 195
al-Dulabi, Abu Bishr 95, 96
Fudayl ibn 'Iyad 31
al-Ghatafani, Sulayk 171, 173-177
Ghazali, Abu Hamid 190
al-Hadhdha', Khalid 170
Hafiz Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani 22, 39, 51,
$8, 89, 142, 149, 150, 156, 157, 190, 195
Hafs ibn Ghiyath 31
Hakim 22, 27
Hakim (Imam) 136-137
Halabi 192
al-Hanbali, Mansur ibn Idris 190
Harith 29
Haritha ibn Mudrib 129
Harun (Prophet) 89
Hasan al-Basri 129, 130, 139, 140-141, 144
Hasan ibn Ziyad 27
Haskafi ('Allama) 46-47
Haythami 161, 169
Hibban ibn 'Ali 31
al-Himmani, Yahya 29
Hisham 83
al-Hudhali, Nubaysha 169
Hudhayfa 28, 35, 38. 39, 128
Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman 143
Hulb 59
Humaydi 105
Husayn ibn 'Abdillah 209
Ibn :Abbas, 'Abdullah 60, 71, 76, 77.95.
106, 108, 128, 137, 140-143. 147-
154, 156, 157, 161, 162, 169, 183,
185. 188, 205, 209
Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, Abu 'Umar 23, 56, 83,
181, 197
Ibn Abidin, Abu Amin 46
Ibn Abi 1-Awam 41
Ibn Abi Dhi'b 198
Ibn Abi Harim 69
222

Index of Persons
Ibn Abi Layla 108, 1TO, I11
1bn Abi Mulayka 188
Ibn Abi Shayba 27, 60, 61, 62, 103, 108,
168,171
Ibn Abi Sufyan, Abd al-Rahman 158
Ibn Abi Za'ida, Yahya ibn Zakariyya 31
Ibn 'Adi 116, 196
Ibn Asakir 138
Ibn al-Furat, Asad 31
Ibn Habib Maliki 199
Ibn al-Hasan, Hajjaj 62
Ibn Hazm 104
Ibn Hibban 27. 60, 94, 161, 196
Ibn Hubayra 56
Ibn al-Humam 62, 67
Ibn Ishaq 197
Ibn Ishaq, 'Abd al-Rahman 61
Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad 83
Ibn Jarir 69
Ibn Karama 31
Ibn Kathir 60, 66
Ibn Khaldun 29-30
Ibn Khuzayma 57-58, 194
Ibn al-Madini 209
Ibn al-Mahdi 29
Ibn Ma'in 26, 209
Ibn Maja 58, 194
Ibn Mardawayh 89
Ibn Mas'ud, Abdullah XVII, 33-40, 47-
69. 75, 76, 77, 93, 96, 99, 103, 104-105,
109-111, 113-115. 128-130, 138, 139,
140-141, 143. 172, 188, 204
Ibn al-Mubarak, 'Abdullah 24-25, 26.
27, 119
Ibn al Mundhir $6
Ibn Muqsim, 'Ubaydullah 76
Ibn Muzahin, Abu Wahb Muhammad 25
Ibn al-Qasim 56, 99, 189
Ibn al-Qayyim 87, 95
Tbn Qudama 66, 83, 190
Ibn Rabi', Muhammad 84
Ibn Rafi, Abd al- Aziz 187
Ibn Rushd 189
Ibn al-Salah dz, rso
Ibn Sama'a, Muhammad 26
Ibn Sirin, Muhammad 77, 171
Ibn Taymiya 16, 66, 68, 69, 74, 83-84,
182, 190, 191
Ibn al-Turkumani al-Mardini 60
Ibn 'Umar, 'Abdullah 5. 76, 77, 103-104,
105, 106, 111, 113-114, 116, 119, 121-122,
124, 128-130, 138, 141-142, 148, 150, 162,
167-168, 169, 205-208
Ibn Umayya 158
Ibn al-'Ugayli 161
Ibn Wa'il, Alqama 91
Ibn Yazid, Aswad 6
Ibn Zahir 83
Ibn Zayd ibn Aslam, "Abdullah 77
Ibn Zayd ibn Thabit, Musa ibn Sa'd 77
Imran ibn Husayn 75. 01. 138
'Iraqi, Zayn al-Din 22. 99, 171, 198
'Irbad ibn Sariya 184
'Isa ibn Jariya 195, 196
Isa ibn Musa 24
Ishaq 189
Ishaq ibn Ibrahim Rahway (Rahuya) IŞI
'Isma ibn Muhammad 116
Jabala ibn Subaym 162
Jabir ibn 'Abdillah 23, 28, 73, 76, 82, 171,
172, 175, 194-196
Jabir al-Ju'fi 19
Jabir ibn Samura 106-107
al-Jadali, Abu T-Qasim 48
Jalalabadi, Masihullah 7
Jarir ibn Abd al-Hamid 83
Jibril 138
Jilani, Sayyid Abd al-Qadir 191
al-Juhani, Sufyan ibn Muslim 10
Ka'b ibn "Ujra 108
al-Kasani, Shu'ayb 41.
Kashmiri, Anwar Shah XVII
Khandelwi, Zakariyya XIX, 109
Kharija ibn Zayd 143
al-Khattabi 161
Khaythama tto
Khwarizmi ('Allama) 24
223

FIQH AL-IMAM
Kurayb 157
Layth ibn Sa'd 69
Ludhyanwi, Yusuf (Shaykh) xIx
Malmar şi
Ma'qil ibn Yasar 23
al-Madani, Muhammad Abu 'I-Tayyib 61
Makhul al-Shami 83, 139
al-Makki, Ibn Hajar 23
Makki ibn Ibrahim 24
Malik (Imam) XIX, 13, 25: 41:56. 66,
69, 83, 88, 98-99, 102, 103, 110, 126,
134-135, 150, 180, 187, 189, 194, 197
Malik ibn al-Huwayrith 103
al-Manhaji, Abu Muhammad 151
Mandal ibn Ali 31
Mansur (Caliph) 24
al-Magdisi, Hafiz 'Abd al-Ghani 22
al-Mardini, Ibn al-Turkumani 60, 62
al-Marwazi, Muhammad ibn Nasr 99, 194
al-Marwazi, Abu Ishaq 56
Masmuq ibn al-Ajda' 129
Messenger of Allah (Muhammad)
XIH-XV, XX, 5-9, 11, 22-24. 28. 33-40,
45-46. 48-ST, $5-57. 59-61. 63. 69,
71-77, 80. 82-85, 87-88, 90-96, 99 tti,
113-116, 117-124, 125, 127, 131, 135-138,
141-152, 153-163, 165, 167-175, 177, 179,
182-197, 199, 201-202, 204-209
al-Misri, 'Abd al-Qadir 23
Miswar ibn Makhrama 139. 157
Mu'adh ibn Jabal 6-7. 39, 208
Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan 158, 162
Mu'awiya ibn Khadij 138
Mu'ammal ibn Isma'il 58
Mughira ibn Muqsim 114
Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani
(Imam) 26, 27, 41-42, 66-67, 93
Muhammad ibn Ali 137
Muhammad ibn al-Bishr 24
Muhammad ibn Hujr 59
Muhammad ibn Ja'far 198
Muhammad ibn Rabi' 83
Muhammad ibn Yusuf 197-198
Mujahid 69, 103, 110. 170, 171
al-Mujmir, Na'im ibn 'Abdillah Ho
Musa ibn 'Uqba 76
Musa ibn Sa'd ibn Zaydibn Thabit 77
Muslim (Imam) 84, 136, 137, 176, 194
Nafi' 76, 114. 180-181, 207
Nafi ibn 'Umar 188
Nafi ibn Mahmud 83
al-Nahdi, Abu 'Uthman 128
al-Nakh'ay, Ibrahim 62, 77, 93. 109, 10,
HI, HI4-HIS, 120, 139-141, 170, 171
Nasa'i (Imam) 47, 58, 82, 94, 174, 194,
196. 209
Nawawi, Yahya 22, 48, 171, 190, 191, 198
al-Naysaburi, Hakim 142
Nazir Ahmad XIx
Nimawi, Muhammad Shawk xv11, 58, 59,
91, 186
Nu'man ibn Bashir 48-50, 138
al-Qari, 'Ali (Mulla) 28
al-Qari, Abu Ja'far 10
Qasim ibn Ma'n 31
Qasim ibn Muhammad 121, 141, 143
Qasim ibn Qutlubgah 61
Qastalani (Allama) 134, 189
Qatada 171
Qattat 156
Qays 110, 111
al-Qurazi, Muhammad ibn Ka'b 170, 188
al-Raqqashi, Yazid 28
Rawh ibn al-Musayyib 60
al-Razi, Abdullah ibn Ja'far 23
Sa'ati 60
Sa'id ibn 'Ubayd 188
Said ibn al-Musayyib 143. 171
Sa'ib ibn Yazid 162, 186, 196-198
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas 77-78, 134
Sa'd ibn Hisham 135, 436, 144, 146
al-Sahami, Hamza 23
al-Sa'idi, Abu Humayd 120. 122-123
Said ibn al-'As: 128, 129
224

Index of Persons
Saji 196
Salim 39
Salman al-Farsi 39, 168
al-Sam'ani (Hafiz) 24
al-Samti, Yusuf ibn Khalid $1
Samura ibn Jundub 91, 120
al-San'ani, Abu Sa'id 29
Sha bi 39. 109, 111, 129
Sha'rani 25
Shaf', Muhammad (Mufti) 42
Shafi'i (Imam) 11. 13, 15-16, 25: 41, 56,
66. 88, 99, 134, 180-181, 187, 189
Shakir, Ahmad Muhammad 104
Shawkani 35. 51, 171, 182
al-Shirazi, Abu Ishaq 134
Shu'ba 25, 91-92. 94
Shurayh (Qadi) 171
Shutayr ibn Shakl 188
Sindhi, 'Abid 61:
Subki 182
Sufyan al- Thawri 24-25, 26, 29, 58,
92-94, 119, 181, 189
Sufyan ibn "Uyayna 27-28
Sulayk al-Ghatafani 171, 173-177
Sulayman ibn Shu'ayb 41
Sulayman ibn Yasar 144
Suwayd ibn Ghafala 188
Suwayd ibn Sa'd 27
Suyuti 58, 66, 182, 198
Tabarani 27
al-Tabari, Ibn Jarir 69, 95
Tahawi (Imam) 31, 41, 83, 103-104, 114, 128
al-Ta'i, Dawud ibn Nudayr 31
Tawus ibn Kisan 162
al-Tayalisi, Abu Dawud 58
al-Taymi, Sulayman 83
Thabit al-Bunani 138
al- Thawri, Sufyan 24-25, 26, 29, 58, 69.
92-94, 119, 181, 189
Tibi 186
Tirmidhi, Abu 'Isa 47, 59, 61, 82, 100,
104, 119. 137, 1$1, 156, 182, 189, 194
Ubada ibn al-Samit 80, 82. 83-84
'Ubaydullah ibn 'Abdillah 143
Ubay ibn Ka'b 39, 91, 138, 140-146 143
179, 185, 187, 189, 191, 196, 197
"Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz 140
Umar ibn al-Khattab 37, 39: 77. 78. 93.
95, 96. 99, 103, 105, 109-110, 111, 128,
136. 139: 141; 143. 157, 162, 166, 171,
172-173. 179, 181, 183-190. 191-192,
194. 196-199, 204
Umm Salama 154, 156-159, 161
'Uqayli 116, 142, 196
'Uqba ibn Amir 169
'Urwa ibn al-Zubayr 143, 171
'Urwa ibn Murra 115
Uchman ibn Affan 77, 171, 172, 185-186
'Uthman ibn Muhammad 142
'Uthmani. Shabbir Ahmad xix
'Uthmani, Taqi (Mufti) xxx, 8, 14, 157, 159
'Uthmani, Zafar xVII, 26-27, 31, 109
"Uwaymir Abu '1-Darda' 39
Wa'il ibn Hujr $7, 59. 60-61, 91-96,
114-115. 119-120
Wahb ibn Khalid 83
Wahid al-Zaman (Mawlana) 183
Waki' ibn al-Jarrah 26, 27. 31, 110
Waliyullah, Shah 187
Wathila ibn al-Asqa' 23
Yahya ibn Zakariyya ibn Abi Zaida 31
Yahya ibn Ma'in 116, 195
Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qartan 121, 187, 197
Yasir ibn Jabir 69
Yazid ibn Khusayfa 186, 197, 198
Yazid ibn Ruman 187
al-Zabidi, Abdullah ibn Jaz'a 23
al-Zabidi, Murtada XVII
al-Zahiri, Dawud 66. 481, 189
Zakariyya (Prophet) 96
Zayd ibn 'Ayash 29
Zayd ibn Thabit 76, 77
Zayla'i ('Allama) XVII, 109
Zufar (Imam) 31
al-Zuhri, Ibn Shihab 84, 169, 171
225

Subject Index
Abrogation (naskb) 112.
Abu Bakr
Caliphate of 185-186
forbade recitation behind imam 76
good deeds 37
prayer of 105, 111
Abu Hanifa, Imam
background and titles 21
birth 21, 22
Companions met by 22-24
criticism of 30-31
death 25
excellence as a scholar 24-25, 27-31
Follower (tabi'f) Xvi1, 22-23
hadith critic 27-30
hafiz (master of hadith) 12.
hajj 23
legal opinions 15, 42
mujtabid 26-27, 31
narrator of hadith xvi, xxx
narrator of hadiths 22, 23-24, 26-27
rulings (masd'il), abundance of 26-27
slander against 21
Adban 171
Adultery 10
Ahl al-Sunna wa 'I-Jama'a xv-XVI,
14. 21, 33. 98
'A'isha
on combining prayers 205
on hardship in prayer 121
on prayer after Asr 154-162
on sunna prayer of Fajt 127
on tarawib prayer 193-195
on the Messenger's /h prayer 119, 135-137.
142, 144-147. 154-155, 393-194
on witr prayer 135-137, 141-142,
144-147. 193
'Ali ibn Abi Talib
caliphate in Kufa 99
on 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud 37
on position of hands in prayer 60
on prayer after Asr 162
on prayer during Friday sermon 171
on warmoth prayer 188. 189, 190
on witr prayer 138, 141
prayer of 93, 109-111
prohibited reciting behind imam 77
Allah 3%
curse of 35
humility before/89, il
Lawmaker 12
obedience to 8, 9
pleasure of 34-35, 40
punishment from 34, 49
reverence for $7
Amin
angels, said by 87, 91
audibly 87-89. 92-96
follower of the imam (muqtadi), said
by 88-89
Hanafi opinion 88, 90, 92, 94-96
imam (prayer leader), said by 88, or
Maliki opinion 88
practice of the Companions and Fol-
lowers 93
prolonging the voice 92, 93
Shafi'i opinion 88
226

Subject Index
silently 87-90, 91-93. 95-96
sunna of 87, 89
virtue of 87
as a du'a' 89-90
meaning of 89
not part of the Qur'an 93
Angels 87, 91, 170-171
Ansar 191
Arafa 149
'Arafat 106, 108, 149, 202
'Asr salat, prayer after
by the Messenger @ 153
on one occasion 154-459, 163
regularly 154-157, 163
exclusive practice of the Messenger
160. 163
Hanafi opinion 153-154, 159, 163
makruh tabrimi 159, 165
prohibition 153-154, 157, 160-163
'Asr salat, prayer before 162
Badr, battle of 40, 114
Bayt al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) 84
Bid'a (innovation) 8, 183, 185-186,
199
Black stone 106
Bleeding 15
Caliphs, rightly-guided (khulafa'
rashidun) 99, 105, 115, 184, 186
Combining prayers
due to fear 209
due to heavy rain 202, 209
due to illness 202, 206
due to travelling 201-202, 204-209
during pilgrimage 202, 204
jam' al-bagiqi (real combining) 15;
ZOT-202, 204, 206-210
jam' al-suri (apparent combining) 148,
201-210
jani al-takbir (delayed combining)
202, 210
jani al-tagdim (advanced combining)
202, 208, 210
Companions (sahaba)
adul (trustworthiness) 191
closeness to the Messenger @% 141
conflicts berween 34
elevated status 33-35, 49, 140
fatawa (legal rulings) 74
fields of study 25
following the rulings of 34, 184, 191
warnings against criticizing 34-35, 40
Congregational prayer 46, 49, 52,
67, 78-79. 134, 166-169, 180-
187, 192, 195-196. 198-199
Day of Judgement 38, 90
Dhikr (remembrance) 147, 167,
170-171
Differences of opinion XIV, XV, 3,
10-11, 55-56, 65-66, 87, 89,
97-98, 112, 118, 125-126, 133,
134, 154, 201
Du'a' (supplication)
after tashabbud 120, 147
amm 89-90
during the sermon 167
etiquette of 89
al-Fatiha 78-79
of the Prophets (anbiya) 89, 90
silence (khufya) in 90-91
Enjoining the right and forbidding
the wrong (amr bi 'I-ma'ruf
and naby 'an 'I-munkar) 167
Existent actions 101, 112, See
also nonexistent actions
Fajr, sunna prayer of
after fard prayer begins 126
after iqama 125-126
after start of congregational prayer
126-127. 128-131
227

FIQH AL-IMAM
Companions' practice 127-130
outside main prayer area 126, 128-130
superiority of 125, 127.130
Fard prayers
balanced by sunna prayers 192
recitation in 66
Fasting XIV, 10, 160
al-Fatiha
is a du'a' 78
reciting behind imam XIIt, 65-86
Umm al-Qur'an 83
Feet, joining
during prayer 46-48
straightening prayer lines 46, 48-51
Figh (jurisprudence)
compulsory acts 5
decisive proof (dalil gar'i) 70
differences of interpretation 12, 41
methodology xiv, XVII
preferred (mustahab) acts 48
principles (wsul al-fiqh) 70
prohibited acts 5.15
speculative proof (dalil zanni) 70
sunna mu'akkada 190
traditional schools. See madbhabs
undesirable (makruh) acts 48. 165
Fitna 7
Fitra (natural path) 77
Followers (tabi'in)
definition 22
elevated status 34. 140
fields of learning 25
Followers of the Followers 34
Friday sermon (kluba)
equal to two rak'ars of prayer 166
silence during 68, 70, 166-171, 174 177
Fuqaha' (jurists)
criticism of 29-30
fuqabd' sab'a (the seven great jurists)
144, 143
statements abour Abu Hanifa 22, 28
al-Ghatafani, Sulayk
prayer during Friday sermon 171,
173-175, 176-177
Ghus! (ritual bath) 168-169, 173
Hadith
a source of figh XV. XVII, 10, 25. 30
chain of narration (isnad) 60, 83, 142, 198
contradictory XIV. 11, 80, 85, 93-94-
154-156
criticism 27-30
guidance directly from xv1, 8
hasan 104, 137. 143. 156
interprétation 8
ma lul (defective) 83
manfi (negative) 156-157
marfu' (linked) 26, 49. 83-85, 182, 101
ma'ruf (unlinked) 29
mawquf (unlinked) 26, 83-85
mawsul (unbroken) 187
warsal (broken chain) 69, 74, 187
musnad 74
muthbit (affirmative) 156-157
narrated as "religious rulings" 26-27,30
narrators. See narrators
preservation of 5
principles (usul al-hadith) 18, 58, 112,
113-114- 122, 157, 168. 176
qudsi 40.85
sabih (authenticated) 80, 84, 85, 104.
106, 118, 119, 156, 168. 182
scholars. See muhaddathin
text (matn) 60
translation 18, 52
verbal command (hadith qatli) 122
Haj (pilgrimage) 10, 23, 149
Hanafi school
attacks against 8, 33
basis of rulings 33
distinction between fard and wajib
70-71
methodology XVII
on "amin" after al-Fatiha 88. 90, 92.
94-96
228

Subject Index
on combining prayers 201-202,
206-107, 209-210
on hand position during prayer $6-57,
60-63
on prayer after "Ast 153-154, 159, 163
on gada' prayer 153-154
on raising hands (raf" al-yaday») 98,
100-102, 113, 116
on recitation in prayer 66-67, 70-71,
78, 80-81, 85, 86
on sunna prayers after Fajr 126.
130-131
on witr prayer 135, 141. 147. 151
Hanbali school
on hand position during prayer 56
on recitation in prayer 66, 69
on witr prayer 134-135
Hands, position during prayer
below the chest 56-57, 60, 63
below the navel 56, 58, 60-63
Hanbali opinion 56:
hanging at sides 56-57
Hanafi opinion 56-57, 60-63
Maliki opinion $6-57
near the chest 57, 59
on the chest 56, 57, 58-60, 63
Shafi'i opinion 56
weakness of hadiths about $7-60
women 63
Hands, raising (raf al-yadayn)
after first sajda XIV
after ruku 97, 102, 112, 115
at every movement 102-104, 113
at opening takbir (tahrima) 97. 98,
IO0, 102-103, 104-106, 108-113.
115-116
at third standing (giyam) 98
before ruku' XIII, 11, 97, 98, 100,
102-103, 106, 12, 115
before sajda 98, 102
beginning second rak'd 102
beginning third rak'a 102
berween sujud 102
derived from the hadiths 97
Hanafi opinion 98, 100-102, 113, 116
Ibn Mas'ud's opinion 99, 103, 104-105,
113
Kufa, practice of 99-100
Madina, practice of 99, 103
Makka, practice of 99-100
Maliki opinion 98, 99, 102, 106
permissibility 65, 88, 97
prohibited during prayer 106-107, 111,
13, 116
Shafi'i opinion 98-99
Hypocrites (munafiqin) 203-204
Ibn 'Abbas
combining prayers 205, 209
disliked prayer or conversation during
Friday sermon 169
forbade prayer after 'Asr 162-163
on recitation in prayer 76
on witr prayer 137, 140-142, 147-148
raising hands in prayer 108
sunna prayer of Fajr 128
Ibn Mas'ud, 'Abdullah
closeness to the Messenger $ 35-36.
40, 114
Companion 33, 35. 40
criticism of 33
jurist XVII, 33. 37, 40, 114. 129-130
knowledge of Qur'an 36-37, 39
kunya (agnomen) and titles 35, 40, 14
mother of 35-36
narrator of hadiths 33. 38-39. 40
obedience to the Messenger E8 172
on foot position in prayer 47
on raising the hands 103. 109-111. 113
on sunna of Fajr prayer 128-129
on tarawib prayer 288
on witr prayer 139, 188
piety of 38
praises of 35-40
prohibited recitation behind the imam
69. 76,77
students 114
teacher of Kufa 99
229

FIQH AL-IMAM
Ibn Taymiya
condemned "pick and mix" of rulings 16
on hadith from 'Ubada ibn al-Samit
83-84
on yk'ars in tarawil prayer 182
on recitation in prayer 66, 68-69, 74
on silence during the sermon 68
on tarawih prayer 190-191
ibn 'Umar, 'Abdullah
on combining prayers 205, 207
on raising hands in prayer 103-104, 116
on recitation in prayer 76
on stenna of Fajr prayer 128-130
on transcribing the Qur'an and Sunna 5
on with prayer 138, 141, 142, 148, 150
rank as a jurist 114
sitting in tawarruk position 119. 121-122
'Idda (waiting period after divorce) 11
Iftirash
definition 117
in all sittings 118-121, 122, 123
in first sitting 118-120
Kufa, practice of 119
permissibility 118
[jma (consensus) 144, 179, 183, 194
Ijtihad 6, 10, 12, 13, 17, 26, 31, 42
Imams
differences of opinion 41-42
etiquette of differences xv
mujtabid. See mujtabid Imams
obedience to 9
respect for other schools XV
Imam of prayer
as representative of the congregation
78-79
Iman (faith) 22, 34
Inheritance 6
Injunctions
ambiguous 11-12
clear 10
Igama
no sunna prayer after 125
Islamic sciences, ignorance of 6
Ka'ba 38, 106. 108, 180
Knowledge, ('7/m)
prophetic (al-im al-nabaust) 17
sacred 21
Kufa 22, 24, 25, 28, 36, 39, 98, 119, 181
scholars of 29
Literalists (Zahiriyya) 52
Madhhabs
"pick and mix" between 14-17
adopting rulings from other 17-19
choosing 13, 17
definition 10
four major XIII, XIV. XV. 13-14
legality of xv
non-adherents xv, XVI!
reliance on XVII, 13, 16-17
validity x11, 13, 14, 41
Madina Munawwara 35, 96, 98-99,
148, 180-181, 187, 189
Maghrib prayer 139, 140, 143, 150, 151
Major sins (kaba'ir) 204
Makka 98, 99, 162, 180-181, 189
Makruh (undesirable acts) 48
Malik, Imam
basis of fiqh 99
on Muhammad ibn Ishaq 83
on number of nak'ats in witr prayer 13
Maliki school
on "umin" after al-Fatiha 88
on hand position in prayer 56-57
on raising hands (maf al-yadayn) 98.
99, 102, 106
on recitation In prayer 66
on sunna prayers after Fajr 126
on witr prayer 134-135
Ma'arif al-sunan (Binnori) XIX, 47
Marwa 106, 108
Masjid al-Haram 108
230

Subject Index
Messenger of Allah %
Allah's love for XIV
isolated practices (shadh) 59, 101-103
obedience to 8
stoma matruka (abandoned practice) 116
simna mastamina (continuous act)
51, 115
stiras recited in witr 137-138
taglid in lifetime of 6
unique practices (khasa'is) 161
Minbar 169-170
Moon, observation of 5
Micallal (particular causes) 7
Mufassirin (Qur'an elucidators).
statements about Abu Hanifa 22
Muhaddithin (hadith scholars)
Companions and Followers 25
criticism of Husayn ibn Abdillah 209
huffaz (masters) 26-27, 30-31
statements about Abu Hanifa 22
Muhajirin 191
Mujahid, on prayer during Friday
sermon 170-171
Mujtahid Imams
need not follow a madhhab 17
reliability of 41
role of XIV
self-appointed. xvi, 7,17
Munfarid 65
Mugtadi (follower in prayer) 65, 67
Murawaha, meaning of 47
Musalli (worshipper) 125, 141, 169
Muwantd' Imam Malik XIX, 75, 76,
187
Muzdalifa 106, 108, 202, 204
Naft (supererogatory) prayers 127;
137, 146-147, 153-154, 161,
167, 192
Narrators
da if (weak) 209
kadhdhab (Hagrant liar) 156
majhul (unknown) 29, 83
reliable 27-29
thiga (reliable) 29
al-Nawadir (Imam Muhammad) 26
Nayl al-awtar (Shawkani) 51, 183
Nonexistent actions 101, 112-113. See
also existent actions
People of the Book. See Ahl al-Sunna
wa I-Jama'a
Polytheists (mushrikin) 71
Prayer. See salat (prayer)
Prostration
of forgetfulness (sujud al-sabw) 71, 79
of Qur'an recital (sajdar al-tilawa) 79
verses of (ayat al-sajda) 79
Qada' prayer 153-154, 155, 158, 160,
163, 203
Qibla 38
Qiyam al-layl (al-Marwazi) 194
Qiyam al-layl (night vigil) 135, 149
Qiyas (analogical reasoning) 7,31
Qunut 25, 95
Qur'an
am (general) terms 70
as source of figh xv, xv11, 10, 25-26,
30, 67-68
guidance directly from 8, 37
interpretation (taffir) 8. 12, 36, 60
Madinan verses 70
Makkan verses 70, 71
mi'in suras 186
mujmal (unexplained) terms 70
preservation of 5
recitation 36-37
silence during its recitation 67-70, 81,
86, 166, 169
translation 18, 52
verses cited 9, 11, 38, 40, 60, 67, 70, 71.
89, 90, 111. 163, 166, 203
231